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Nanoengineering Materials for Biomedical Uses pp 81–105Cite as

Nanomaterials Applications in Cartilage Tissue Engineering

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Abstract

Articular cartilage is the smooth layer of soft tissue that covers our bones and allows for the painless movement of our joints. Because of joint pathologies such as arthritis, cartilage can degrade over time in some individuals, causing them to live with considerable pain and reduced mobility. The high prevalence of arthritis and the absence of a cure for osteoarthritis, its most common form, have fueled sustained efforts to develop tissue engineering and regenerative medicine strategies aimed at regenerating cartilage. Despite a number of clinical advances that elicit cartilage repair, true regeneration remains elusive. Recent years have seen an increased use of nanoscale materials in the development of therapies for joint pathologies. Nanomaterials are comparable in scale to the principal building blocks of cartilage extracellular matrix, namely collagen and proteoglycan aggregates. Similarly, nanoparticles are sufficiently small to allow diffusion through the pores of the dense cartilage extracellular matrix and cell targeting. In this chapter, the organization of cartilage’s main building blocks will be reviewed from the nano- to macroscale, and sub-micron particles that participate in cell-cell communication will be highlighted. Efforts to design scaffolds incorporating cell-instructive nanoscale features and to tailor the mechanical properties, or even engineer spatial organization, in scaffolds for cartilage repair using nanomaterials will also be discussed. Finally, key design criteria in nanoparticle synthesis to enable targeted therapeutic delivery will be examined.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to Ms. Allison Simmonds for her numerous revisions and comments on the chapter. JPS acknowledges funding from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) through the Discovery Grant and financial support by the University of Ottawa Seed Funding Opportunity Grant.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis-Pasteur, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada

    Janani Mahendran & Jean-Philippe St-Pierre

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  1. Janani Mahendran
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  2. Jean-Philippe St-Pierre
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Correspondence to Jean-Philippe St-Pierre .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada

    Emilio I. Alarcon

  2. Center for Applied Nanotechnology, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, RM, Chile

    Manuel Ahumada

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Mahendran, J., St-Pierre, JP. (2019). Nanomaterials Applications in Cartilage Tissue Engineering. In: Alarcon, E., Ahumada, M. (eds) Nanoengineering Materials for Biomedical Uses. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31261-9_5

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