Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Contexts of SLA Motivation: Linking Ideologies to Situational Variations

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
The Palgrave Handbook of Motivation for Language Learning

Abstract

Yim, Clément, and MacIntyre offer a review of the contexts impacting SLA motivation. Using an ecological framework, the chapter grounds second language motivation in multilingual communication and outlines broad societal influences as well as more specific sociolinguistic factors. It also draws attention to different psychological perspectives in defining and studying context. The chapter concludes with the authors applying a social psychological, idiodynamic approach, to the investigation of the effects of context on SLA motivation, by looking at L2 learners’ willingness to communicate.

Production of this chapter was facilitated by a grant from the Social Sciences and Humanities Council of Canada to the second and third author.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 189.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Allard, R., & Landry, R. (1994). Subjective ethnolinguistic vitality: A comparison of two measures. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 108(1), 117–144.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bandura, A. (2006). Toward a psychology of human agency. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 1, 164–180.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blom, J., & Gumperz, J. J. (1972). Social meaning in linguistic structure: Code-switching in Norway. In J. J. Gumperz & D. Hymes (Eds.), Directions in sociolinguistics: The Ethnography of Communication (pp. 407–434). New York, NY: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bourdieu, P. (1977). L’économie des échanges linguistiques. [The economics of linguistic exchanges]. Langue Française, 31, 17–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bourhis, R., Giles, H., & Rosenthal, D. (1981). Notes on the construction of a “subjective vitality questionnaire” for ethnolinguistic groups. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 2(2), 145–155.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bourhis, R., Sioufi, R., & Sachdev, I. (2012). Ethnolinguistic Interaction and Multilingual Communication. In H. Giles (Ed.), The handbook of intergroup communication (ICA handbook series). New York, NY: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bourhis, R. Y. (2001). Acculturation, language maintenance, and language shift. In J. Klatter-Folmer & P. Van Avermaet (Eds.), Theories on maintenance and loss of minority languages (pp. 5–37). New York: Waxmann.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clément, R. (1979). Immersion and residence programs: Their effects on attitude and anxiety. Interchange, 9, 52–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clément, R. (1980). Ethnicity, contact and communicative competence in a second language. In H. Giles, W. P. Robinson, & P. M. Smith (Eds.), Language: Social psychological perspectives (pp. 147–154). Oxford, UK: Pergamon.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Clément, R. (1986). Second language proficiency and acculturation: An investigation of the effects of language status and individual characteristics. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 5, 271–290.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clément, R., Baker, S., & Macintyre, P. (2003). Willingness to communicate in a second language: The effects of context, norms, and vitality. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 22(2), 190–209.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clément, R., Gardner, R. C., & Smythe, P. C. (1977). Motivational variables in second language acquisition: A study of Francophones learning English. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 9(2), 123–133.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clément, R., & Kruidenier, B. G. (1985). Aptitude, attitude and motivation in second language proficiency: A test of Clément’s model. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 4, 21–37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clément, R., Noels, K. A., & MacIntyre, P. (2007). Three variations on the social psychology of bilingualism: Context effects in motivation, usage and identity. In A. Weatherall, B. Watson, & C. Gallois (Eds.), Language and social psychology (pp. 51–77). Houndsmill, UK: Palgrave.

    Google Scholar 

  • Collentine, J., & Freed, B. F. (2004). Learning context and its effects on second language acquisition. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 26(2), 153–356.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DeKeyser, R. (2007). Study Abroad as foreign language practice. In R. DeKeyser (Ed.), Practice in a second language. Perspectives from applied linguistics and cognitive psychology (pp. 208–226). New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • DeKeyser, R. M. (1991). Foreign language development during a semester abroad. In B. F. Freed (Ed.), Foreign language acquisition and the classroom (pp. 104–118). Lexington, MA: D. C. Heath.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dewaele, J. M. (2013). Emotions in multiple languages (2nd ed.). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dewaele, J. M., & Nakano, S. (2013). Multilinguals’ perceptions of feeling different when switching languages. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 34(2), 107–120.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dörnyei, Z., MacIntyre, P., & Henry, A. (Eds.). (2015). Motivational dynamics in language learning. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferguson, C. A. (1959). Diglossia. Word, 15, 325–340.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fishman, J. A. (1967). Bilingualism with and without diglossia; diglossia with and without bilingualism. Journal of Social Issues, 23(2), 29–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Freynet, N., & Clément, R. (2015). Bilingualism in minority settings in Canada: Integration or assimilation? International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 46, 55–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gardner, R. C. (1985). Social psychology and second language learning: The role of attitudes and motivation. London, UK: Edward Arnold Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gardner, R. C. (2010). Motivation and second language acquisition: The Socio-educational model. New York, UK: Peter Lang.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gardner, R. C., & Lambert, W. E. (1972). Attitudes and motivation in second-language learning. Rowley, MA: Newbury House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gardner, R. C., Smythe, P. C., & Clément, R. (1979). Intensive second language study in a bicultural milieu: An investigation of attitudes, motivation, and language proficiency. Language Learning, 29(2), 305–320.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gaudet, S., & Clément, R. (2005). Identity maintenance and loss: Concurrent processes amongst the Fransaskois. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 37, 110–122.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gibbons, J. (1987). Code-mixing and code choice: A Hong Kong case study. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  • Giles, H., Bourhis, R. Y., & Taylor, D. (1977). Towards a theory of language in ethnic group relations. In H. Giles (Ed.), Language, ethnicity and intergroup relations (pp. 307–348). London: Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Giles, H., Coupland, N., & Coupland, J. (1990). Accommodation theory: Communication, context, and consequence. In H. Giles, J. Coupland, N. Coupland, & K. Oatley (Eds.), Context of accommodation: Developments in applied sociolinguistics. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greeno, J. G. (1998). The situativity of knowing, learning, and research. American Psychologist, 53, 5–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gregersen, T., & MacIntyre, P. (2014). Capitalizing on language learner’s individuality. From premise to practise. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Gregersen, T., Macintyre, P., & Meza, M. (2014). The motion of emotion: Idiodynamic case studies of learners’ foreign language anxiety. Modern Language Journal, 98(2), 574–588.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gumperz, J. J. (1982). Discourse strategies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gurtner, J.-L., Monnard, I., & Genoud, P. A. (2001). Towards a multilayer model of context and its impact on motivation. In S. Volet & S. Järvelä (Eds.), Motivation in learning contexts: Theoretical advances and methodological implications (pp. 189–208). Oxford: Pergamon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hickey, D. T., & Granade, J. B. (2004). The influence of sociocultural theory on our theories of engagement and motivation. In D. McInerney & S. Van Etten (Eds.), Big theories revisited (Vol. 4, pp. 200–223). Greenwich, CT: Information Age.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hymes, D. (1972). Reinventing anthropology. New York, NY: Random House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ife, A., Vives, G. B., & Meara, P. (2000). The impact of study abroad on the vocabulary development of different proficiency groups. Spanish Applied Linguistics, 4(1), 55–84.

    Google Scholar 

  • Labrie, N., & Clément, R. (1986). Ethnolinguistic vitality, self-confidence and second language proficiency: An Investigation. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 7, 269–282.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lafford, B. (2004). The effects of context of learning on the use of communication strategies by learners of Spanish as a second language. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 26(2), 201–226.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Landry, R., & Bourhis, R. (1997). Linguistic landscape and ethnolinguistic vitality: An empirical study. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 16(1), 23–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Llanes, A., & Muñoz, C. (2009). A short stay abroad: Does it make a difference? System, 37(3), 353–365.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Low, W. M., & Lu, D. (2006). Persistent use of mixed code: An exploration of its functions in Hong Kong schools. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 9(2), 181–204.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MacIntyre, P. D., Clément, R., Dörnyei, Z., & Noels, K. A. (1998). Conceptualizing willingness to communicate in a L2: A situational model of L2 confidence and affiliation. The Modern Language Journal, 88, 547–562.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacIntyre, P. D., Dörnyei, Z., & Henry, A. (2015). Conclusion: Hot enough to be cool: The promise of dynamic systems research. In Z. Dörnyei, P. D. MacIntyre, & A. Henry (Eds.), Motivational dynamics in language learning (pp. 419–429). Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacIntyre, P. D., & Legatto, J. J. (2011). A dynamic system approach to willingness to communicate: Developing an idiodynamic method to capture rapidly changing affect. Applied Linguistics, 32, 149–171.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MacIntyre, P. D., & Serroul, A. (2015). Motivation on a per-second timescale: Examining approach-avoidance motivation during L2 task performance. In Z. Dornyei, P. D. MacIntyre, & A. Henry (Eds.), Motivational dynamics in language learning (pp. 109–139). Bristol: Multilingual Matters.

    Google Scholar 

  • Milton, J., & Meara, P. (1995). How periods abroad affect vocabulary growth in a foreign language. ITL: Review of Applied Linguistics, 107–108, 17–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Myers-Scotton, C. (1993). Social motivations of code-switching. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Noels, K. A., & Clément, R. (1996). Communicating across cultures: Social determinants and acculturative consequences. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 28(3), 214–228.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nolen, S. B., Horn, I. S., & Ward, C. J. (2015). Situating motivation. Educational Psychologist, 50(3), 234–247.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nolen, S. B., Ward, C. J., & Horn, I. S. (2011). Motivation, engagement, and identity: Opening a conversation. In D. M. McInnerny, R. A. Walker, & G. A. Liem (Eds.), Sociocultural theories of learning and motivation: Looking back, looking forward (Vol. 10, pp. 109–135). Charlotte, NC: Information Age.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nolen, S. B., Ward, C. J., & Horn, I. S. (2012). Methods for taking a situative approach to studying the development of motivation, identity and learning in multiple social contexts. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 27, 267–284.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pavlenko, A. (2005). Emotions and multilingualism. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sachdev, I., & Bourhis, R. Y. (2001). Multilingual communication. In W. P. Robinson & H. Giles (Eds.), The new handbook of language and social psychology (pp. 407–428). New York, NY: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sachdev, I., Giles, H., & Pauwels, A. (2012). Accommodating multilinguality. In T. K. Bhatia & W. C. Ritchie (Eds.), The handbook of bilingualism and multilingualism (pp. 391–418). Malden, MA: Blackwell.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Sampasivam, S., & Clément, R. (2014). The dynamics of second language confidence: Perspective and interaction. In S. Mercer & M. Williams (Eds.), Multiple perspectives on the self (pp. 23–40). Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Segalowitz, N., & Freed, B. (2004). Context, contact, and cognition in oral fluency acquisition: Learning Spanish in at home and study abroad contexts. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 26(2), 173–199.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ushioda, E. (2015). Context and complex dynamic systems theory. In Z. Dörnyei, P. MacIntyre, & A. Henry (Eds.), Motivational dynamics in language learning (pp. 47–54). Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ushioda, E., & Dörnyei, Z. (2013). Motivation. In S. Gass & A. Mackey (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of second language acquisition (pp. 396–409). New York, NY: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Volet, S., & Kimmel, K. (2012). Editorial introduction: Motivation and learning in multiple contexts. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 27, 155–160.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Volet, S. E., & Järvelä, S. (Eds.). (2001). Motivation in learning contexts: Theoretical advances and methodological implications. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woolard, K. A. (1989). Double talk: Bilingualism and the politics of ethnicity in Catalonia. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada

    Odilia Yim & Richard Clément

  2. Cape Breton University, Sydney, NS, Canada

    Peter D. MacIntyre

Authors
  1. Odilia Yim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Richard Clément
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Peter D. MacIntyre
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Odilia Yim .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Education, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK

    Martin Lamb

  2. Faculty of Humanities, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary

    Kata Csizér

  3. Department of Social and Behavioural Studies, University West, Trollhättan, Sweden

    Alastair Henry

  4. School of Culture, Media and Society, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan

    Stephen Ryan

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Yim, O., Clément, R., MacIntyre, P.D. (2019). The Contexts of SLA Motivation: Linking Ideologies to Situational Variations. In: Lamb, M., Csizér, K., Henry, A., Ryan, S. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Motivation for Language Learning. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28380-3_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28380-3_11

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-28379-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-28380-3

  • eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation