Abstract
Bullying is a serious and enduring problem in education, an agreed upon fact that seems to resist efforts at improvement. Since 1999, when the Columbine shooting occurred, there has been increasing awareness of the connection between bullying and school/mass shooters. There is an increased effort to disarm schools and students when gun violence arises, however the very efforts may be causing more harm than good. The connections between bullying and LGBTQ+/gender issues are just as serious as the school shootings, because they are resulting in large numbers of deaths. The chapter presents the seriousness and pervasiveness of bullying from diverse perspectives; linking them through the Social Ecology of this moment. Current solutions are evaluated at the end of this chapter, along with Trauma-Accountability strategies to counteract bullying.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsNotes
- 1.
“California is 41st in the nation in per pupil K-12 spending, but “No. 1 in per prisoner” spending”.—Delaine Eastin on January 13, 2018 in a town hall.
The annual cost of incarceration per prisoner in California is around $80,000, compared to annual per pupil spending in K12 education at around $10,291 year, about $1900 less than the $12,252 per student spent by the nation.
- 2.
The gender issue for males may lie in the stereotype of males. The dominant culture commands a strong masculine identity for males. Being a victim of bullying is inconsistent with being male which invites violence as one way of resolving this identity threat/crisis.
- 3.
Cisgender is a term referring to people who feel congruence between their gender identity and the gender assigned to them at birth. Conversely, transgender is a term referring to those who feel incongruence between their gender identity and the gender assigned to them at birth.
References
Espelage, D. L., & Swearer, S. M. (2004). Bullying in American schools: A social-ecological perspective on prevention and intervention. Mahwah, NJ: L. Erlbaum Associates.
Fraser, J. M. (2015). Teaching bullies: Zero tolerance on the court or in the classroom. Vancouver, BC: Motion Press.
Fraser, J. M. (2018). Brain scars: Knowing the real truths about neuroscience, bullying, and abuse in order to protect our students (Unpublished manuscript). Victoria.
GLSEN. (2016). The 2015 national school climate survey. New York, NY: GLSEN.
GLSEN. (2018). 2017 national school climate survey (pp. 1–196). New York, NY: GLSEN. https://www.glsen.org/sites/default/files/GLSEN-2017-National-School-Climate-Survey-NSCS-Full-Report.pdf.
Gray, L. (2018). LGBTQ+ youth: A guided workbook to support sexual orientation and gender identity. Eau Claire, WI: PESI Publishing & Media.
Hinton, E. K. (2016). From the war on poverty to the war on crime: The making of mass incarceration in America. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Kellner, D. (2008). Guys and guns amok domestic terrorism and school shootings from the Oklahoma City bombing to the Virginia Tech massacre. Boulder, CO: Paradigm.
Klein, J. (2014). Understanding social dynamics and school shootings requires larger context. Commentary on: “Bullying, romantic rejection, and conflicts with teachers: The crucial role of social dynamics in the development of school shootings–a systematic review”. International Journal of Developmental Science, 8(1), 43–47. https://doi.org/10.3233/dev-140144.
Leary, M. R., Kowalski, R. M., Smith, L., & Phillips, S. (2003). Teasing, rejection, and violence: Case studies of the school shootings. Aggressive Behavior,29(3), 202–214. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.10061.
Mayo, C. (2014). LGBTQ youth and education: Policies and practices. New York, NY: Teachers College Press.
Musu, L., Zhang, A., Wang, K., Zhang, J., & Oudekerk, B. A. (2019). Indicators of school crime and safety: 2018 (pp. 2–268, Rep. No. NCES 2019-047 252571). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics.
National Center for Education Statistics. (2016). Student reports of bullying: Results from the 2015 school crime supplement to the national crime victimization survey. Washington, DC: US Department of Education.
Rios, V. M. (2011). Punished: Policing the lives of black and latino boys. New York, NY: New York University Press.
Seifert, K., & Kohl, B. (2012). Youth violence: Theory, prevention, and intervention. New York, NY: Springer.
Sommer, F., Leuschner, V., & Scheithauer, H. (2014). Bullying, romantic rejection, and conflicts with teachers: The crucial role of social dynamics in the development of school shootings – a systematic review. International Journal of Developmental Science, 8(1–2), 3–24. Retrieved from https://content.iospress.com/articles/international-journal-of-developmental-science/dev140129.
Thomas, P. L., Gorlewski, J. A., Carr, P. R., & Porfilio, B. J. (Eds.). (2015). Pedagogies of kindness and respect: On the lives and education of children. New York, NY: Peter Lang.
Vossekuil, B. J., Fein, R. A., Reddy, M., Borrum, R., & Modzeleski, W. (2004). The final report and findings of the safe school initiative: Implications for the prevention of school attacks in the United States (pp. 1–39, United States, United States Secret Service, Department of Education). Washington, DC, CADC: United States Secret Service.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Gray, LA. (2019). Bullying. In: Educational Trauma. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28083-3_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28083-3_14
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-28082-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-28083-3
eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)