Abstract
Worldwide, there is a need to increase food production and storage to meet human consumption requirements. This need is rendered more important because developing countries struggle to produce sufficient food to feed their population. In Nigeria, the local food and agricultural market suffers from inadequate local production. Consequently, the state faces food shortage. In addition to insufficient food and agricultural production, majority of the food available do not meet the minimum requirements relevant to qualifying such food as being fit for human consumption. Nonetheless, the prevailing poverty makes consumers nonchalant about the need for producers/merchants to abide by best practices in food production/sale, especially when such food is available at extra charges. This paper focuses on the role of public policies on measures taken by the public sector to improve sustainable food and agricultural markets, and the societal responses to the policies in Nigeria.
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Notes
- 1.
In Nigeria, the local demand for rice, wheat and fish daily are 6.3, 4.7 and 2.7 Million Metric Tonnes (MMT) respectively, while the locally produced volume do not exceed 2.3, 0.06 and 0.8 MMT see note 3 below p. 9; Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (FMARD) 2016. Accessed, 8 September, 2018. 5.
- 2.
Ibid. 8.
- 3.
Drewnowski and Darmon (2005).
- 4.
Ibid.
- 5.
Andrés and Delvaux (2018).
- 6.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/policy Accessed 4 January 2018.
- 7.
Iwuchukwu and Igbokwe (2012).
- 8.
Garner (2009).
- 9.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary (2018).
- 10.
Cited in Alkon (2012), 20. JSTOR. www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46nh81.6. Accessed 11 August 2018.
- 11.
FAO (2016). 4.
- 12.
Ibid. viii.
- 13.
Pretty et al. (2011).
- 14.
United Nations (2019).
- 15.
Pretty et al. (2011, n 13).
- 16.
Ibid. 6.
- 17.
Ibid.7.
- 18.
Buller and Morris (2004), 1066.
- 19.
Pretty et al. (2011, n 13) 7.
- 20.
Morgan and Yeung (2007) 19.
- 21.
Pretty et al. (2011, n 13) 9.
- 22.
Alkon (2012), 18. JSTOR. www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46nh81.6. Accessed 11 December 2018.
- 23.
FMARD (2016, n 1) 4.
- 24.
Andrés and Delvaux (2018, n 5).
- 25.
Babatunde (2014).
- 26.
FMARD (2016, n 1) 3.
- 27.
Ibid. 4.
- 28.
FOA, ‘FAO in Nigeria; Nigeria at a glance’, www.fao.org/nigeria/fao-in-nigeria/nigeria-at-a-glance/en/. accessed: January 7, 2019.
- 29.
Matemilola and Elegbede (2017).
- 30.
Akanoa et al. (2018), 2.
- 31.
Matemilola and Elegbede (2017, n 29) 9.
- 32.
FMARD (2016, n 1) 4.
- 33.
Ibid. 9.
- 34.
Matemilola and Elegbede (2017, n 29) 13.
- 35.
- 36.
Matemilola and Elegbede (2017, n 29) 9.
- 37.
Awojulugbe (2018).
- 38.
Republic of Benin recorded an increase in rice imports from Thailand, from 805,765 mt in 2015 to 1,647,387 mt as at November 2017. ibid.
- 39.
News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) (2018).
- 40.
Onusi (2018).
- 41.
At the prevailing exchange rate of 360 NGN to 1 USD the price varies from 30.5 to 36 USD for smuggled rice and 40 to 41 USD for locally processed rice.
- 42.
FMARD (2016, n 1) 3.
- 43.
In an interview conducted with 11 rice smugglers in Ogun State, Nigeria, the author was made to understand that 80% of the smugglers are willing to take the normal route of importation if the government allows importation of food items because the risks attendant to the business at times outweigh the profits made.
- 44.
Ibid. 8.
- 45.
- 46.
Ibid.
- 47.
Nigeria Custom Services (2018).
- 48.
News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) (2018).
- 49.
Ibid.
- 50.
Zakaree (2014).
- 51.
Ibid.
- 52.
Central Bank of Nigeria (2018).
- 53.
Ibid.
- 54.
Ibid.
- 55.
Ibid.
- 56.
Ibid.
- 57.
Arua (1982), 101.
- 58.
Ajani and Anor (n 35).
- 59.
Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (FMARD) (2018).
- 60.
Ibid.
- 61.
Ibid.
- 62.
Ibid.
- 63.
Ibid.
- 64.
Ibid.
- 65.
The situation has not shifted from the status quo, the food grown and produced in Nigeria is still not sufficient to satisfy local consumption.
- 66.
FMARD (2016, n 1).
- 67.
Ibid 10.
- 68.
Iwuchukwu and Igbokwe (2012, n 7).
- 69.
Ibid 3.
- 70.
Ajani and Anor (n 35).
- 71.
Ibid.
- 72.
Ibid.
- 73.
FAO (2016), x.
- 74.
Mickiewicz et al. (2018).
- 75.
The Nation (2018).
- 76.
Ibid.
- 77.
Ibid.
- 78.
Vanguard, (2017).
- 79.
Ibid.
- 80.
Vanguard (2016).
- 81.
Pretty et al. (2011, n 13) 16.
- 82.
Matemilola and Elegbede (2017, n 29).
- 83.
Bassey (2018), 517. www.researchgate.net/publication/326405700_AGRICULTURAL_EXPENDITURE_MAPUTO_DECLARATION_TARGET_AND_AGRICULTURAL_OUTPUT_A_CASE_STUDY_OF_NIGERIA/download. Accessed 16 January 2019.
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Opebiyi, F.M. (2020). Public Policy on Sustainable Food and Agricultural Markets: Legal Perspective from Nigeria. In: Leal Filho, W., Borges de Brito, P., Frankenberger, F. (eds) International Business, Trade and Institutional Sustainability. World Sustainability Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26759-9_20
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