Skip to main content

Part of the book series: Reform and Transition in the Mediterranean ((RTM))

  • 215 Accesses

Abstract

This chapter introduces readers to the narratives of activism, change and sectarianism in the Free Patriotic Movement’s (FPM) stages of emergence, persistence and party transformation. It expresses the aims, rationale, central argument and findings of this work. It shows the significance of a secular political movement turned sectarian political party in Lebanon’s sectarian political context. It explains that the predominantly Christian middle-class supporters of the movement did not force the FPM to adopt sectarian strategies when it was operating in civil society. However, the FPM’s participation in conventional politics (Parliament and Council of Ministers) after 2005 made the movement fall back on sectarian modes of subjectification and mobilization to deal with its predominantly Christian support base.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abdelrahman, M. 2012. “A Hierarchy of Struggles? The ‘Economic’ and the ‘Political in Egypt’s Revolution.” Review of African Political Economy 39 (134): 614–628.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beinin, J. 2015. Workers and Thieves: Labor Movements and Popular Uprisings in Tunisia and Egypt. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beinin, J., and F. Vairel. 2011. “Intro.” In Social Movements, Mobilization, and Contestation in the Middle East and North Africa, edited by J. Beinin and F. Vairel. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beinin, J., and Z. Lockman. 1998. Workers on the Nile: Nationalism, Communism, Islam, and the Egyptian Working Class, 1882–1954. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cammet, M. 2014. Compassionate Communalism: Welfare and Sectarianism in Lebanon. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Durac, V. 2015. “Social Movements, Protest Movements and Cross-Ideological Coalitions—The Arab Uprisings Re-appraised.” Democratization 22 (2): 239–258.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • El-Husseini, R. 2012. Pax Syriana Elite Politics in Post-war Lebanon. New York: Syracuse University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • El-Khazen, F. 2000. The Breakdown of the State in Lebanon, 1967–1976. London: I.B. Tauris.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2003. “The Postwar Political Process: Authoritarianism by Diffusion.” In Lebanon in Limbo: Postwar Society and State in an Uncertain Regional Environment, edited by T. Hanf and N. Salam, Chap. 3. Baden-Baden: Nomos.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hafez, M. M. 2003. Why Muslims Rebel: Repression and Resistance in the Islamic World. Boulder: Lynne Rienner.

    Google Scholar 

  • Helou, J. P. 2015. “Policy Overcomes Confessional Hurdles: A Policy Strategy Tackles Challenges in the Segmented Society and State of Lebanon.” Athens Journal of Mediterranean Studies 1 (4): 325–340.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hottinger, A. 1961. “Zu‘ama’and Parties in the Lebanese Crisis of 1958.” Middle East Journal 15 (2): 127–140.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hudson, M. C. 1968. The Precarious Republic: Political Modernization in Lebanon. New York: Random House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khalaf, S. 1968. “Primordial Ties and Politics in Lebanon.” Middle Eastern Studies 4 (3): 243–269.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2003. “On Roots and Roots: The Reassertion of Primordial Loyalties.” In Lebanon in Limbo: Postwar Society and State in an Uncertain Regional Environment, edited by T. Hanf and N. Salam, Chap. 6. Baden-Baden: Nomos.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leenders, R. 2012. Spoils of Truce: Corruption and State-Building in Postwar Lebanon. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Lynch, M. 2014. “Media, Old and New.” In The Arab Uprisings Explained: New Contentious Politics in the Middle East, edited by M. Lynch, Chap. 5. New York: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2016. The New Arab Wars: Uprisings and Anarchy in the Middle East. New York: PublicAffairs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Picard, E. 1996. Lebanon: A Shattered Country. New York: Holmes & Meier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Randal, J. 2012. The Tragedy of Lebanon: Christian Warlords, Israeli Adventurers, and American Bunglers. Washington, DC: Just World Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salibi, K. 1976. Crossroads to Civil War: Lebanon 1958–1976. New York: Caravan Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salloukh, B. F., R. Barakat, J. S. Al-Habbal, L. W. Khattab, S. Mikaelian, and A. Nerguizian. 2015. The Politics of Sectarianism in Postwar Lebanon. London: Pluto Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wickham, C. R. 2015. The Muslim Brotherhood: Evolution of an Islamist Movement. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Helou, J.P. (2020). Introduction. In: Activism, Change and Sectarianism in the Free Patriotic Movement in Lebanon . Reform and Transition in the Mediterranean. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25704-0_1

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics