Abstract
Gully-head has been observed in a wide range of continuous and categorical conditioning factors in different countries. This study aimed to examine the association of gully-heads with the most effective hydrologic factors via univariate and bivariate analyses in the standard mode. A 2700 ha area in the loess-covered region of Iran was selected and the point map of 287 gully-heads prepared by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images. The pattern of gully-heads was evaluated using univariate tests (O(r) &g(r)). The occurrence of gully-heads in relation to the linear features including road networks (RNS) and stream networks(SNS) was assessed using bivariate correlation tests(O 12(r) g 12(r)). The analysis mode in mark correlation function (k mm(r)) was applied for soil particles categorized into three groups by size including clay, sand, and silt content. The Mont Carlo simulation intervals were also conducted based on fifth highest and lowest values of the summary statistic of 199 simulated null model data sets. According to the results of the univariate spatial statistics, gully-heads had an aggregated distribution. The bivariate O-ring and pair correlation (g 12(r)) test revealed that gully-heads had positive interactions with RNS and SNS. Based on mark correlation function k mm(r), clay content of nearby gully-heads was consistently smaller than the mean value of clay content (μ 2 = 22.93%) in the study area. However, the silt contents of nearby gully-heads were significantly larger than the mean value of silt content (μ 2 = 64.58%). The mean sand contents (μ 2 = 14.75%) do not differ from the mean sand contents taken over all pair gully-heads. Consequently, compared to other interoperation, the suggested approach prepares a proper technique to erosion research community which would be of interest to policy makers and geomorphologists.
Keywords
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Baddeley, A., 2018. spatstat. local: Extension to’spatstat’ for local composite likelihood. URL https://CRAN.R project.org/package=spatstat.local, r package version 3.5–7
Beretta, A.N., Silbermann, A.V., Paladino, L., Torres, D., Bassahun, D., Musselli, R., García-Lamohte, A., 2014. Soil texture analyses using a hydrometer: modification of the Bouyoucos method. Ciencia e Investigación Agraria, 41: 25–26
Choubin, B., Rahmati, O., Tahmasebipour, N., Feizizadeh, B., Pourghasemi, H.R., 2019. Application of fuzzy analytical network process model for analyzing the gully erosion susceptibility. In Natural hazards gis-based spatial modeling using data mining techniques (pp. 105–125). Springer, Cham
Evans, R. 1980. Mechanics of water erosion and their spatial and temporal controls: an empirical viewpoint. In: Kirkby MJ and Morgan RPC (eds) Soil erosion. Wiley: Chichester, 109–128
Gan, M., Jia, Y., Shao, M. A., Guo, C., Li, T., 2018. Permanent gully increases the heterogeneity of soil water retention capacity across a slope-gully system. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment.
Genet, A., Grabarnik, P., Sekretenko, O. Pothier, D., 2014. Incorporating the mechanisms underlying inter-tree competition into a random point process model to improve spatial tree pattern analysis in forestry. Ecological modelling, 288, pp.143–154
Getzin, S., Wiegand, K., Yizhaq, H., Hardenberg, J. Meron, E., 2015. Adopting a spatially explicit perspective to study the mysterious fairy circles of Namibia. Ecography, 38,1–11
Hosseinalizadeh, M., Kariminejad, N., Campetella, G., Jalalifard, A., 2018. Spatial point pattern analysis of piping erosion in loess-derived soils in Golestan Province, Iran. Geoderma, 328: 20–29
Jafari Shalamzari, M., Zhang, W., 2018. Assessing water scarcity using the water poverty index (WPI) in Golestan province of Iran. Water, 10: 1–22
Jungerius, P. D., Matundura, J., Van De Ancker, J.A.M., 2002. Road construction and gully erosion in West Pokot, Kenya. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 27, 1237–1247
Keshavarzi B. 2014. A possible link between mineralogy of loess deposits and high incidence rate of esophageal cancer in Golestan province of Iran. Iranian Journal of Science and Technology 38: 281–287
Liu, K., Ding, H., Tang, G., Song, C., Liu, Y., Jiang, L. Zhao, B., Gao, Y., Ma, R., 2018. Large-scale mapping of gully-affected areas: An approach integrating Google Earth images and terrain skeleton information. Geomorphology, 314, 13–26
Makanzu Imwangana, F., Moeyersons, J., Ozer, P., Ntombi, M., & Dewitte, O., 2018. Factors controlling and triggering urban gullies in the high town of Kinshasa (DR Congo). In Geophysical Research Abstracts (Vol. 20, pp. EGU2018–7037). European Geophysical Society
Maleki, S., Khormali, F., Bodaghabadi, M.B., Mohammadi, J., Kehl, M., Hoffmeister, D., 2017. Geological controlling soil organic carbon and nitrogen density in a hillslope landscape, semiarid area of Golestan province, Iran. 2: 221–228
Morgan RPC. 2005. Soil erosion and conservation. Blackwell Publishing: The United Kingdom.
Ollobarren Del Barrio, P., Campo-Bescós, M. A., Giménez, R., Casalí, J., 2018. Assessment of soil factors controlling ephemeral gully erosion on agricultural fields. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms
Poesen, J., Nachtergaele, J., Verstraeten, G., Valentin, C., 2003. Gully erosion and environmental change: importance and research needs. Catena 50: 91–133
Shruthi, R.B., Kerle, N., Jetten, V., 2011. Object-based gully feature extraction using high spatial resolution imagery. Geomorphology, 134: 260–268
Stefanovic, J.R., Bryan, R.B. 2007. Experimental study of rill bank collapse. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 32: 180–196
Tonini, M., Abellan, A., Pedrazzini, A., 2012. Cluster analysis of geological point processes with R free software. Open Source Geospatial Research and Education Symposium, Switzerland
Valentin, C., Poesen, J., Li, Y., 2005. Gully erosion: Impacts, factors and control. Catena, 63: 132–153
Vandekerckhove, L., Poesen, J., Oostwoud Wijdenes, D., Gyssels, G., Beuselinck, L., De Luna, E., 2000. Characteristics and controlling factors of bank gullies in two semi-arid mediterranean environments. Geomorphology, 33: 37–58
Wiegand, T. and Moloney, K.A., 2004. Rings, circles, and null-models for point pattern analysis in ecology. Oikos 104, 209–229
Wiegand, T. and Moloney, K.A., 2014. Handbook of spatial point-pattern analysis in ecology. CRC Press, New York, 538 p
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kariminejad, N., Hosseinalizadeh, M., Pourghasemi, H.R., Ownegh, M., Rossi, M. (2020). Factors Affecting Gully-Head Activity in a Hilly Area Under a Semiarid Climate in Iran. In: Shit, P., Pourghasemi, H., Bhunia, G. (eds) Gully Erosion Studies from India and Surrounding Regions. Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23243-6_24
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23243-6_24
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-23242-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-23243-6
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)