Abstract
Key issues on the relationship between international accountability and peace processes are discussed in this chapter. The chapter explores the nature, scope, challenges and dynamics of this relationship. Also, it highlights the problems, tensions and challenges embedded in the international justice system, and how these issues impede the ability of international justice mechanisms to contribute to peace processes. Some of the issues discussed are: transitional justice, the peace and justice dilemma, the ICC and deterrence, the ICC and reconciliation, the ICC and victims’ rights and the ICC and accountability to the law.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Thomas Buergenthal, interviewed by Newsweek, 6 July 2015. https://www.newsweek.com/british-judiciarylord-jannericc-judgeauschwitzjewsholocaustprofessor-law-602725. Accessed 21 January 2019.
- 2.
OTP Prosecutorial Strategy, 2009–2012, 2010, 6, https://www.icc-cpi.int/nr/rdonlyres/66A8dcdc-3650-4514-AA62-D229D1128F65/281506/otpProsecutorialStrategy20092013.pdf. Accessed 27 December 2018.
- 3.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 827 of 1993, adopted by the Security Council on 25 May 1993, https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N93/306/28/IMG/N9330628.pdf?OpenElement. Accessed 28 December 2018.
- 4.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 955 of 1994, adopted by the Security Council on 8 November 1994, https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N95/140/97/PDF/N9514097.pdf?OpenElement. Accessed 28 December 2018.
- 5.
Website of the United Nations International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, http://www.icty.org/en/about. Accessed 14 August 2018.
- 6.
The 1945 Charter of the International Military Tribunal, http://legal.un.org/ilc/documentation/english/a_cn4_5.pdf. Accessed 29 December 2018.
- 7.
UNGA Resolution 60/147 of 16 December 2005, http://legal.un.org/avl/pdf/ha/ga_60-147/ga_60-147_ph_e.pdf. Accessed 29 December 2018.
- 8.
The Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law, https://www.un.org/ruleoflaw/blog/document/basic-principles-and-guidelines-on-the-right-to-a-remedy-and-reparation-for-victims-of-gross-violations-of-international-human-rights-law-and-serious-violations-of-international-humanitarian-law/. Accessed 29 December 2018.
References
Adam, Branch. 2011. “Neither Liberal Nor Peace: Practices of Global Justice by the ICC”. In The Problems and Practice of Peace-Building, edited by Susanna Campbell, David Chandler, and Meera Sabaratnam, 121–137. London: Zed Books.
Adler, Matthew. 2000. “Expressive Theory of Law: A Skeptical Overview”. University of Pennsylvania Law Review 148: 1364–1493.
Akhavan, Payam. 2001. “Beyond Impunity: Can International Criminal Justice Prevent Future Atrocities?” The American Journal of International Law 95.7: 7–31.
Aloyo, Eamon. 2012. “To Indict or Not to Indict? The ICC, Deterrence, and Nonviolent and Subordinate International Criminals”. Accessed June 20, 2013. https://wpsa.research.pdx.edu/meet/2012/aloyo.pdf.
Aloyo, Eamon, Yvonne Dutton, and Lindsay Heger. 2013. “Does the International Criminal Court Deter Torture?” One Earth Future Foundation. Accessed May 30, 2013. http://oneearthfuture.org/research/publications/does-international-criminalcourt-deter-torture.
Amann, Diane Marie. 2003. “Assessing the Criminal Adjudication of Human Rights Atrocities”. Third World Legal Studies 16: 169–181.
Bensouda, Fatou. 2013. “Justice, Reconciliation and the Role of the ICC, 2008”. Accessed April 15, 2013. www.idea.net/resources/analysis/.
Berghof Foundation. 2012. “Berghof Glossary of Conflict Transformation”. Berghof Foundation. Accessed May 28, 2013. http://www.berghof-foundation.org/.
Bloomfield, David, Teresa Barnes, and Luc Huyse, eds. 2003. “Reconciliation After Violent Conflict, International Institute of Electoral Assistance and Democracy”. Accessed February 11, 2016. http://www.un.org/en/peacebuilding.
Botes, Johannes. 2003. “Conflict Transformation: A Debate Over Semantics or a Crucial Shift in the Theory and Practice of Peace and Conflict Studies”. The International Journal of Peace Studies 8: 1–30. http://www.gmu.edu/pro#grams/icar/ijps/vol8_2/botes.htm.
Brilmayer, Lea. 1996. “International Justice and International Law”. Faculty Scholarship Series, Paper 2441. Accessed June 10, 2013. http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/fss_paper/2441.
Chetail, Vincent. 2009. “Introduction: Post-conflict Peacebuilding-Ambiguity and Identity”. In Post-conflict Peacebuilding: A Lexicon, edited by Vincent Chetail, 1–33. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Cryer, Robert. 2005. Prosecuting International Crimes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Darehshori, Sara, and Elizabeth Everson. 2010. “Peace, Justice and the International Criminal Court”. Oxford Transitional Justice Research Working Papers Series. Accessed May 1, 2013. http://www.otjr.csls.ox.ac.uk.
deGuzman, Margaret. 2012. “Choosing to Prosecute: Expressive Selection at the International Criminal Court”. Michigan Journal of International Law 33: 265–319.
Doswald-Beck, Louise. 2009. “International Crimes”. In Post-conflict Peacebuilding: A Lexicon, edited by Vincent Chetail, 158–173. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Drumbl, Mark. 2007. Atrocity, Punishment and International Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Fisher, Martina. 2010. “Transitional Justice and Reconciliation: Theory and Practice”. Accessed April 12, 2013. http://www.berghof-handbook.net/documents/publications/fisher_tj_and_rec_%20handbook.
Fletcher, Laurel, and Harvey Weinstein. 2002. “Violence and Social Repair: Rethinking the Contributions of Justice to Reconciliation”. Human Rights Quarterly 24: 573–639.
Gallon, Gustavo. 2000. “Deterrence: A Difficult Challenge for the International Criminal Court”. The Helen Kellog Institute for International Studies. Volume 275 of Working Papers. Accessed March 31, 2013. http://www.kllogg.nd.edu.
Garkawe, Sam. 2003. “Victims and the International Criminal Court: Three Major Issues”. International Criminal Law Review 3: 345–367.
Gever, Christopher. 2011. “A Theory of International Criminal Law?” Accessed June 9, 2013. http://www.warandlaw.blogspot.com.au.
Goetz, Mariana. 2008. “The International Criminal Court and Its Relevance to Affected Communities”. In Courting Conflict? Peace and the ICC, edited by Nicholas Waddel and Phil Clark. Royal African Society. Accessed May 20, 2013. http://www.royalafrican/society.org.
Golash, Deirdre. 2010. “The Justification of Punishment in the International Context”. In International Criminal Law and Philosophy, edited by Larry May and Zachary Hoskins. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Grono, Nick. 2012. “The Deterrent Effect of the ICC on the Commission of International Crimes by Government Leaders”. Accessed April 23, 2014. http://www.crisesgroup.org/en/publication.
Hopkins-Burke, Roger. 2009. An Introduction to Criminology. Devon: Willan Publishing.
Human Rights Watch. 2009. “Selling Justice Short: Why Accountability Matters for Peace.” Human Rights Watch Report. Accessed May 2, 2013. https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/ij0709webwcover_1.pdf.
International Centre for Transitional Justice. 2009. “Pursuing Peace, Justice or Both?” International Centre for Transitional Justice Report. Accessed April 29, 2013. www.ictj.org.
Keller, Linda. 2008. “Achieving Peace with Justice: The International Criminal Court and Uganda Alternative Justice Mechanisms”. Connecticut Journal of International Law 23: 210–278.
Kim, Hunjoon, and Kathryn Sikkink. 2009. “Explaining the Deterrence Effect of Human Rights Prosecutions for Transitional Countries”. International Studies Quarterly 54: 1–46.
Kowalski, Mateus. 2011. “The International Criminal Court: Reflections for a Stress Test on Its Foundations”. JANUS.NET e-Journal of International Relations 2: 110–124. Accessed June 12, 2014. http://observare.ual.pt/janus.net/en/home-eng/54-englishen/vol-2,-n-º2-autumn-2011/articles/8-the-international-crimina.
Lanz, David. 2007. “The ICC’s Intervention in Northern Uganda: Beyond the Simplicity of Peace vs. Justice”. Accessed September 4, 2014. http://www.reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/EC66215A0071F156C12573910051D06D-Full_Report.pdf.htm.
Lederach, John Paul. 2001. “Civil Society and Reconciliation.” In Turbulent Peace: The Challenges of Managing International Conflict, edited by Chester Croaker, Fen Hampson, and Pamela Aall, 603–618. Washington, DC: United States Institute for Peace.
Lederach, John Paul. 2003. The Little Book of Conflict Transformation. Intercourse, PA: Good Books.
Maiese, Michelle. 2004. “Retributive Justice”. Beyond Intractability. https://www.beyondintractability.org/essay/retributive.justice.
Mallinder, Louise. 2008. Amnesty, Human Rights and Political Transitions: Building the Peace and Justice Divide. Oxford: Hart Publishing.
May, Larry, and Zachary Hoskins. 2010. International Criminal Law and Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
McCarthy, Conor. 2012. “Victims’ Redress and International Criminal Justice”. Journal of International Criminal Justice 10: 352–372.
Meijers, Tim, and Marlies Glasius. 2013. “Expression of Justice or Political Trial? Discursive Battles in the Karadzic Case”. Human Right Quarterly 35: 720–752.
Mendes, Errol. 2010. Peace and Justice at the International Criminal Court: A Court of Last Resort. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Mendez, Juan. 2010. “National Reconciliation, Transitional Justice, and the International Criminal Court”. Ethics and International Affairs 15: 25–44.
Miall, Hugh. 2013. “Conflict Transformation: A Multi-Dimensional Task”. Berghof Research Centre for Constructive Conflict Management. Accessed May 12, 2013. http://www.berghof-handbook.net/.
Miall, Huge, Oliver Ramsbotham, and Tom Woodhouse. 1999. Contemporary Conflict Resolution. Cambridge: Polity.
Nalepa, Monika. 2009. “Reconciliation, Refuge Returns, and International Criminal Justice: The Case of Bosnia and Herzegovina”. In Transitional Justice, edited by Melissa Williams, Rosemary Nagy Williams, and Jon Elster, 316–361. New York: New York University Press.
Newsweek. 2015. “Former International Court of Justice Judge: Dick Cheney Should Face Prosecution”. Newsweek. July 6. Accessed January 21, 2019. https://www.newsweek.com/british-judiciarylord-jannericc-judgeauschwitzjewsholocaustprofessor-law-602725.
Nouwen, Sarah. 2012. “The International Criminal Court: A Peacebuilder in Africa?” In Peacebuilding, Power, and Politics in Africa, edited by Curtis Devon and Dzinesa Gwinyayi, 171–192. Athens: Ohio University Press.
Ogbu, Osita. 1999. Human Rights, Law and Practice in Nigeria: An Introduction. Enugu: CIDJAP Press.
Onwudiwe, Ihekwoaba, Jonathan Odo, and Emmanuel Onyeozil. 2010. “Deterrence Theory.” Accessed April 30, 2013. http://marisluste.files.wordpress.com/.
REDRESS. 2013. “Justice for Victims: The ICC’s Reparation Mandate.” Accessed May 3, 2013. http://www.redress.org/downloads/publications/REDRESS_ICC_Reparations_May2011.pdf.
Roht-Arriaza, Naomi. 2006. “The New Landscape of Transitional Justice”. In Transitional Justice in the Twenty-First Century: Beyond Truth Versus Justice, edited by Naomi Roht-Arriaza and Javier Mariezcurrena, 1–16. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Rosenberg, Sheri. 2012. “The Relationship Between the International Criminal Court and the Prevention of Mass Atrocities.” Accessed April 24, 2014. http://www.genocidepreventionnow.org/Portals/0/docs/Relationship_ICC_Prevention_HU.pdf.
Schabas, William. 2007. An Introduction to the International Criminal Court. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Schabas, William. 2011. “Transitional Justice and the Norms of International Law”. Japanese Society of International Law, Kwansei Gakun University. Accessed April 2, 2013. www.jsil.jp/annual_documents/2011.
Scheffer, David 1999. “War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity”. Pace International Law Review 112: 319–340.
Skaar, Elin. 2013. “Reconciliation in a Transitional Justice Perspective”. Transitional Justice Review 1: 54–103.
Smith, Steven. 2012. “Expressive Jurisprudence and the Depletion of Meaning”. Maryland Law Review 60: 507–539.
Stahn, Carsten. 2009. “The Future of International Criminal Justice”. The Hague Justice Portal. Accessed April 12, 2013. http://www.haguejusticeportal.net/index.php?id=11106.
Starkweather, David. 1992. “The Retributive Theory of ‘Just Desserts’ and Victims’ Participation in Plea Bargaining”. Indiana Law Journal 67: 853–878.
Strudler, Alan. 2001. “The Power of Expressive Theories of Law”. Maryland Law Review 60: 492–505.
Teitel, Ruti. 2000. Transitional Justice. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Tenove, Chris. 2013. “Uganda and the International Criminal Court: Debates and Developments”. Accessed July 17, 2014. http://www.africaportal.org.htm.
Tolbert, David. 2013. “Can International Justice Foster Reconciliation?” Accessed April 16, 2013. http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2013/04/20134107435444190.htm.
United States Institute for Peace. 2015. “Accountability to Law”. Accessed March 23, 2016.
Whiting, Alex. 2013. “The International Criminal Court Impact”. Accessed April 22, 2013. http://today.law.harvard.edu/whiting-offers-views-on-the-international-criminal-courts-impact/.
Williams, George, Sean Brennan, and Andrew Lynch. 2014. Australian Constitutional Law: Commentary and Materials. Sydney: The Federation Press.
Wippman, David. 1999. “Atrocities, Deterrence, and the Limits of International Justice”. Fordman International Law Journal 23: 473–488.
Wood, Andrew. 2012. “Moral Judgment and International Crimes: The Disutility of Desert”. Virginia Journal of International Law 52: 634–681.
Wright, Valerie. 2010. “Deterrence in Criminal Justice: Evaluating Certainty vs. Severity of Punishment”. The Sentencing Project. Accessed May 20, 2013. http://www.sentencingproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Deterrence-inCriminal-Justice.pdf.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Malu, L.N. (2019). Analysis of Some Background Issues. In: The International Criminal Court and Peace Processes . Palgrave Studies in Compromise after Conflict. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19905-0_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19905-0_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-19904-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-19905-0
eBook Packages: Law and CriminologyLaw and Criminology (R0)