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Microscopes and Endoscopes

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Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery

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Abstract

Microscopes and endoscopes helped revolutionize the surgical treatment of many disease processes. The utility of microscopes and endoscopes has increased rapidly with technological advancements in optics, mechanics, videoscopy, navigation, and computer processing. The use of microscopes and endoscopes in neurosurgery and orthopedics has been widespread in the last half century. Minimally invasive approaches to the spine require visualization through smaller portals, and therefore the use of the microscope and endoscope is essential to many minimally invasive spine surgeries.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurosurgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA

    Harel Deutsch

Authors
  1. Harel Deutsch
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Harel Deutsch .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA

    Frank M. Phillips

  2. Texas Back Institute Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Plano Scoliosis and Spine Tumor Center, Plano, TX, USA

    Isador H. Lieberman

  3. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA

    David W. Polly Jr.

  4. Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL, USA

    Michael Y. Wang

Appendices

Quiz Questions

  1. 1.

    What is the maximum working distance for an operative microscope?

  2. 2.

    What neurosurgeon devised the suspension device system for microscopes introduced in 1976 by Carl Zeiss and popularized the use of the microscope?

  3. 3.

    What is the advantage of the operative microscope over a conventional endoscope?

  4. 4.

    What is the advantage of the endoscope over a microscope in visualization?

Answers

  1. 1.

    600 mm

  2. 2.

    Gazi Yaşargil

  3. 3.

    3D visualization

  4. 4.

    The endoscope allows ‘looking around the corner’ views

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Deutsch, H. (2019). Microscopes and Endoscopes. In: Phillips, F., Lieberman, I., Polly Jr., D., Wang, M. (eds) Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19007-1_6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19007-1_6

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-19006-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-19007-1

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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