Abstract
This chapter develops a typology of ‘mid-space local bridge-builders’ who move across different cleavages in a conflict-prone society to facilitate dialogue among competing stakeholders. It employs relevant concepts such as gatekeepers and spoilers to connect the dots between the outcomes of peacebuilding and the roles and functions that ‘mid-space local bridge-builders’ can play in a peace process. Gatekeepers hold keys to three different gateways: (1) horizontal (between contending communities), (2) vertical (between the national/top leaders and the grassroots/bottom of the society) and (3) diagonal (between local and international actors) gates. Under certain circumstances and by performing specific intermediary functions, gatekeepers can bridge horizontal, vertical and diagonal gaps, effectively turning to ‘mid-space local bridge-builders’. This chapter argues that bridge-building is done through ‘relational dialogue platforms’ on which different stakeholders meet and shape the nature of hybrid peacebuilding, and it discusses the conceptual models for such platforms.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
The views about gatekeepers have been arrived at inductively as a result of long-term interactions with them including hours and hours of face-to-face dialogue conducted inside Bangsamoro.
References
Belloni, R. (2012). Hybrid Peace Governance: Its Emergence and Significance. Global Governance, 18, 21–38.
Björkdahl, A., et al. (2016). Introduction: Peacebuilding Through the Lends of Friction. In A. Björkdahl et al. (Eds.), Peacebuilding and Friction: Global and Local Encounters in Post-Conflict Societies. London and New York: Routledge.
Boege, V., Brown, A., Clements, K., & Nolan, A. (2008). On Hybrid Political Orders and Emerging States: State Formation in the Context of ‘Fragility’. Berlin: Berghof Research Center for Constructive Conflict Management.
Bush, R. A. B., & Folger, J. P. (1994). The Promise of Mediation: The Transformative Approach to Conflict. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Clements, K. (2009). Internal Dynamics and External Interventions. Peace Review: A Journal of Social Justice, 21(1), 1–13.
Clements, K. (2014). What Is Legitimacy and Why Does It Matter for Peace? Accord: An International Review of Peace Initiatives, 25, 13–17.
Clements, K. P., et al. (2007). State Building Reconsidered: The Role of Hybridity in the Formation of Political Order. Political Science, 59, 45–56.
Das, R. H. (2018). External Peacebuilders and the Search for Legitimacy: The Institute for Multi-Track Diplomacy in Kashmir. In C. R. Mitchell & L. E. Hancock (Eds.), Local Peacebuilding and National Peace: Interaction Between Grassroots and Elite Processes (pp. 84–101). London: Continuum.
Diamond, L., & McDonald, J. (1996). Multi-Track Diplomacy: A Systems Approach to Peace (3rd ed.). West Hartford, CT: Kumarian Press.
Donais, T. (2012). Peacebuilding and Local Ownership: Post-conflict Consensus-building. New York: Routledge.
Hameiri, S., Hughes, C., & Scarpello, F. (2017). International Intervention and Local Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hancock, L. E., & Mitchell, C. R. (2018). Between Local and National Peace: Complementarity or conflict. In L. E. Hancock & C. R. Mitchell (Eds.), Local Peacebuilding and Legitimacy: Interactions Between National and Local Levels (pp. 222–236). New York: Routledge.
Hellmüller, S. (2014). Owners or Partner? A Critical Analysis of the Concept of Local Ownership. In S. Hellmüller & M. Santschi (Eds.), Is Local Beautiful?: Peacebuilding Between International Interventions and Locally Led Initiatives (pp. 257–570). New York: Springer.
Hellmüller, S. (2018). The Interaction Between Local and International Peacebuilding Actors: Partners for Peace. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan.
Hellmüller, S. and Santschi, M. (Eds.). (2014). Is Local Beautiful? Peacebuilding between International Interventions and Locally Led Initiatives. Cham, Switzerland: Springer.
Hermann, M. G., & Gerard, C. (2009). The Contributions of Leadership to the Movement from Violence to Incorporation. In B. W. Dayton & L. Kriesberg (Eds.), Conflict Transformation and Peacebuilding (pp. 30–44). New York: Routledge.
Interpeace. (2016). Building Bridges for Sustaining Peace. Annual Report 2016.
Kagawa, M. (2017). The Role of Gatekeepers in the Mid-level in Peacebuilding: A Case of Bangsamoro, Southern Philippines. An unpublished paper presented at the Hybrid Peacebuilding Workshop at Waseda University on 22nd November 2017.
Keethaponcalan, S. I. (2017). Conflict Resolution: An Introduction to Third Party Intervention. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.
Keethaponcalan, S. I. (2019). Post-war Dilemmas of Sri Lanka: Democracy and Reconciliation. New York: Routledge.
Lederach, J. P. (1997). Building Peace: Sustainable Reconciliation in Divided Societies. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press.
Lederach, J. P. (2005). The Moral Imagination: The Art and Soul of Building Peace. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Lee, S. (2019). Local Ownership in Asian Peacebuilding: Development of Local Peacebuilding Models. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.
Lee, S., & Özerdem, A. (Eds.). (2015). Local Ownership in International Peacebuilding: Key Theoretical and Practical Issues. Oxon and NY: Routledge.
Leonardsson, H., & Rudd, G. (2015). The ‘Local Turn’ in Peacebuilding: A Literature Review of Effective and Emancipatory Local Peacebuilding. Third World Quarterly, 36(5), 825–839.
Mac Ginty, R. (2015). Where Is the Local? Critical Localism and Peacebuilding. Third World Quarterly, 36(5), 840–856.
Mac Ginty, R., & Richmond, O. (2013). The Local Turn in Peace Building: A Critical Agenda for Peace. Third World Quarterly, 34(5), 763–783.
Mac Ginty, R., & Richmond, O. (2016). The Fallacy of Constructing Hybrid Political Orders: A Reappraisal of the Hybrid Turn in Peacebuilding. International Peacekeeping, 23(2), 219–239.
Mitchell, C. R. (2006). Conflict, Social Change and Conflict Resolution: An Enquiry. In D. Bloomfield, M. Fischer, & B. Schmelzle (Eds.), Social Change and Conflict Transformation (Berghof Handbook Dialogue No. 5) (pp. 12–36). Berlin: Research Center for Constructive Conflict Management.
Mitchell, C. R. (2012). Introduction: Linking National-Level Peacemaking with Grassroots Peacebuilding. In C. R. Mitchell & L. E. Hancock (Eds.), Local Peacebuilding and National Peace: Interaction Between Grassroots and Elite Processes (pp. 1–18). London: Continuum.
Mitchell, C. (2018). By What Right? Competing Sources of Legitimacy in Intractable Conflict. In L. E. Hancock & C. Mitchell (Eds.), Local Peacebuilding and Legitimacy: Interactions Between National Local Levels (pp. 1–19). Oxon: Routledge.
Mitchell, C. R., & Hancock, L. E. (Eds.). (2012). Local Peacebuilding and National Peace: Interaction Between Grassroots and Elite Processes. London: Continuum.
Paffenholz, T. (2015). Unpacking the Local Turn in Peacebuilding: A Critical Assessment Towards an Agenda for Future Research. Third World Quarterly, 36(5), 857–874.
Pruitt, D., & Kim, S. H. (2004). Social Conflict: Escalation, Stalemate, and Settlement (3rd ed.). New York and London: McGraw-Hill.
Richmond, O. P., & Mitchell, A. (2012). Introduction—Towards a Post-Liberal Peace: Exploring Hybridity via Everyday Forms of Resistance, Agency and Autonomy. In O. P. Richmond & A. Mitchell (Eds.), Hybrid Forms of Peace: From Everyday Agency to Post-Liberalism (pp. 1–38). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Stedman, S. J. (2000). Spoiler Problems in Peace Processes. In P. C. Stern & D. Druckman (Eds.), International Conflict Resolution After the Cold War (pp. 178–224). Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
Svensson, I., & Lindgren, M. (2013). Peace from the Inside: Exploring the Role of the Insider-Partial Mediator. International Interactions, 39(5), 698–672.
Wallis, J., Kent, L., Forsyth, M., Dinnen, S., & Bose, S. (2018). Hybridity on the Ground in Peacebuilding and Development: Critical Conversations. Acton: ANU Press.
Wehr, P., & Lederach, J. P. (1991). Mediating Conflict in Central America. Journal of Peace Research, 28(1), 85–98.
Williams, D. (2015). Leadership for a Fractured World: How to Cross Boundaries, Build Bridges, and Lead Change. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Uesugi, Y., Kagawa, M. (2020). A Typology of Mid-Space Local Bridge-Builders. In: Uesugi, Y. (eds) Hybrid Peacebuilding in Asia. Security, Development and Human Rights in East Asia. Palgrave Pivot, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18865-8_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18865-8_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Pivot, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-18864-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-18865-8
eBook Packages: Political Science and International StudiesPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)