Abstract
This chapter aims to provide some insights on the different definitions of smart city and smart community concepts which is done through a comprehensive literature review and gap recognition that exists between these terms. Besides this, the forthcoming issues and threats as a result of infrastructure dependence during smart city development are addressed, through integration of smart community elements to provide a comprehensive and balanced view to improve the quality of life. The implementation of smart city or community is presented through examples from China, Japan and Malaysia. Conclusion is drawn at the end of the paper that there is no absolute answer that which concept is preferred than the other while it is built upon the desired outcomes of the governments and developers within their own context that suit well for the country’s needs, social-culture, economic, technology advancement and values.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Albino, V., Berardi, U., & Dangelico, R. M. (2015). Smart cities: Definitions, dimensions, performance, and initiatives. Journal of Urban Technology, 22(1), 3–21.
Anrong, D., Li, G., Li, J., & Kong, X. (2016). Research on smart community planning of Yishanwan, China towards new urbanization. International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development, 4(1), 78–90.
Eger, J. M. (2005). Smart communities, universities, and globalization: Educating the workforce for tomorrow’s economy. Metropolitan Universities, 16(4), 28–38.
Frost and Sullivan. (2014). Smart Cities – Frost & Sullivan Value Proposition. Accessed May 12, 2018, from https://ww2.frost.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/SmartCities.pdf
Gao, W., Fan, L., Ushifusa, Y., Gu, Q., & Ren, J. (2016). Possibility and challenge of smart community in Japan. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 216, 109–118.
Ghazali, M., Okamura, T., Abdullah, T., Sunar, M.S., Mohamed, F., & Ismail, N., (2016, May). In the quest of defining smart digital city in Medini Iskandar Malaysia, Iskandar Puteri, Malaysia. In Proceedings of the SEACHI 2016 on smart cities for better living with HCI and UX (pp. 19–23). ACM.
Gil, O., Navarro, C., Gil, O., & Navarro, C. (2013, July). Innovations of governance in cities and urban regions: Smart cities in China, Iskandar (Malaysia), Japan, New York and Tarragona (Spain). In EURA conference: Cities as Sheedbeds for innovation (pp. 4–6).
Gurstein, M. (2014). Smart cities vs. smart communities: Empowering citizens not market economics. The Journal of Community Informatics, 10(3).
Harrison, C., Eckman, B., Hamilton, R., Hartswick, P., Kalagnanam, J., Paraszczak, J., & Williams, P. (2010). Foundations for smarter cities. IBM Journal of Research and Development, 54(4), 1–16.
Hollands, R. G. (2008). Will the real smart city please stand up? Intelligent, progressive or entrepreneurial? City, 12(3), 303–320.
Hughes, C., & Spray, R. (2002). Smart communities and smart growth-maximising benefits for the corporation. Journal of Corporate Real Estate, 4(3), 207–214.
International Telecommunication Union – Telecommunication Standardization Sector of ITU. (2014). Smart sustainable cities: An analysis of definitions. Geneva: International Telecommunication Union.
Ishida, T., & Isbister, K. (Eds.). (2000). Digital cities: Technologies, experiences, and future perspectives (Vol. 1765). Berlin, Germany: Springer.
Kumar, T. V., & Dahiya, B. (2017). Smart economy in smart cities (pp. 3–76). Singapore: Springer.
Lazaroiu, G. C., & Roscia, M. (2012). Definition methodology for the smart cities model. Energy, 47(1), 326–332.
Nam, T. & Pardo, T.A., (2011, June). Conceptualizing smart city with dimensions of technology, people, and institutions. In Proceedings of the 12th annual international digital government research conference: Digital government innovation in challenging times (pp. 282–291). ACM.
Paskaleva, K. A. (2009). Enabling the smart city: The progress of city e-governance in Europe. International Journal of Innovation and Regional Development, 1(4), 405–422.
Singh, S. 2014. Smart cities – A $1.5 trillion market opportunity. Forbes. Accessed February 14, 2018, from http://www.forbes.com/sites/sarwantsingh/2014/06/19/smart-cities-a-1-5-trillion-market-opportunity/#3b9495237ef9
Stratigea, A. (2012). The concept of ‘smart cities’. Towards community development? Netcom. Réseaux, Communication et Territoires, 26(3/4), 375–388.
Tanabe, M., van den Besselaar, P., & Ishida, T. (2002). Digital cities II: Computational and sociological approaches. Berlin: Springer.
van den Besselaar, P., & Koizumi, S. (Eds.). (2005). Digital cities III. Information technologies for social capital: Cross-cultural perspectives. Berlin: Springer.
Wongbumru, T., & Dewancker, B. (2014). Smart communities for future development: Lessons from Japan. International Journal of Building, Urban, Interior and Landscape Technology, 3, 70–75.
Acknowledgement
The authors acknowledge all reviewers for their comments on this manuscript and are grateful to the committee members of the 24th Eurasia Business and Economic Society (EBES) Conference - Bangkok for organizing a beneficial conference that provided a good platform for research. This article is supported by the USM- MCMC Grant (No: 304/PMGT/650865/M147).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Kassim, N.M.D., Yeap, J.A.L., Nathan, S., Hashim, N.H., Ramayah, T. (2019). A Conceptual Paper of the Smart City and Smart Community. In: Bilgin, M., Danis, H., Demir, E., Can, U. (eds) Eurasian Economic Perspectives. Eurasian Studies in Business and Economics, vol 11/1. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18565-7_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18565-7_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-18564-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-18565-7
eBook Packages: Economics and FinanceEconomics and Finance (R0)