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Southern Highlands: Fungal Endosymbiotic Associations

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Mycorrhizal Fungi in South America

Part of the book series: Fungal Biology ((FUNGBIO))

Abstract

In South America (SA), Highlands above-treeline stretch along 7000 km in a North-South direction, occupying almost 694,000 km2, most of it is located in the Andean region except for 34,500 km2 in the Chaco region. In these Highlands are represented very particular ecoregions and phytogeographic areas in desertic, arid and semiarid biomes with characteristic vegetations composed by endemic plants. These Highlands are completely different from the ones found in Europe and Asia due to their proper biodiversity, climate, geographic position, geologic origin, and biogeography. Highlands in SA are suffering soil erosion, a retraction of their areas due to the advance of the agricultural-livestock frontiers and overgrazing, environmental deterioration by firewood extraction and the accumulation of mining toxic waste. Mountain ecosystems are huge-natural-environmental laboratories where it is possible to study important ecological unresolved hypothesis. The study of fungal-root-endophytes (mycorrhizal and dark-septate fungi), their colonization to native plants and how to enhance the resilience of soil ecosystems deserves special attention. Studies on fungal-root-endophytes have been carried out extensively worldwide; however, the research in Highlands are still scant around the world, especially in SA. This Chapter reviews and discusses fungal-root-endophytes colonization in Highlands of SA, and compared them to the worldwide knowledge.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are especially grateful for his collaboration to the Biol. Esteban M. Crespo in the field works in the Highlands grasslands, Puna and Prepuna, and to the Microb. Hebe J. Iriarte (Research Technical Assistant of CONICET) for her assistance with the elaboration and improvement of the Figures. Likewise, we would like to express our gratitude to the researchers Drs. Marta Cabello and Laura Domínguez, who were pioneers and propellers of mycorrhizal fungi research of the native ecosystems in Argentina. In addition, ML wants to thank especially to her worthy director, Dr. Ana Anton for having trained her not only in the knowledge of the plants but also by the integral academic training received from her. This work was financially supported by PROICO 02-2718 (FQByF-UNSL), and both authors are staff researchers from CONICET.

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  1. Biological Sciences, National University of San Luis, Grupo MICODIF (Micología, Diversidad e Interacciones Fúngicas)/IMIBIO (Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas)-CONICET-CCT SL, San Luis, San Luis, Argentina

    Mónica A. Lugo

  2. National University of San Luis, Grupo MICODIF (Micología, Diversidad e Interacciones Fúngicas)-UNSL/IMASL (Instituto de Matemática Aplicada San Luis)-CONICET, San Luis, Argentina

    Eugenia Menoyo

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  1. Mónica A. Lugo
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  2. Eugenia Menoyo
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil

    Marcela C. Pagano

  2. Biological Sciences, National University of San Luis, Grupo MICODIF (Micología, Diversidad e Interacciones Fúngicas)/IMIBIO (Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas)-CONICET-CCT SL, San Luis, San Luis, Argentina

    Mónica A. Lugo

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Lugo, M.A., Menoyo, E. (2019). Southern Highlands: Fungal Endosymbiotic Associations. In: Pagano, M., Lugo, M. (eds) Mycorrhizal Fungi in South America. Fungal Biology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15228-4_12

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