Skip to main content

Irving Thalberg’s Film Production, 1934–1936

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Book cover In Search of Marie-Antoinette in the 1930s
  • 157 Accesses

Abstract

This chapter discusses Irving Thalberg’s early production plans for a biopic of Marie-Antoinette in terms of a dialectic operating among story editor, producer, star, director, and contract writers at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. It begins by locating Thalberg’s film productions of the early to mid-1930s in relation to past trends in European and American biopics. It then discusses the development of the screenplay according to standards of historical research and narrative plausibility, attending to Marie-Antoinette’s flirtation with the duc d’Orléans as an ambitious politician and the comte de Fersen as an absorbing lover in the first half, and her loyalty to Louis XVI and the institution of monarchy in the second half. The discussion further shows that the producer’s script stayed relatively faithful to the biography’s thesis about the king’s crucial sexual problem and queen’s consequent desire for diversion despite pressure from the censor to pursue a traditional “sin and atonement” narrative. Finally, it presents Thalberg’s assessment of Shearer’s suitability for such a role.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Albinet, A. 4 May 1934. Reader’s Report to Laudy Lawrence in Sidney Franklin File 1: Marie Antoinette Correspondence 1933–34, Box 28: Marie Antoinette, MGM Collection, Creative Arts Library, University of Southern California (Hereafter CAL).

    Google Scholar 

  • Anonymous. 1926. An Act from “The Unchaste Chased Woman,” Hearst Castle, San Simeon. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HxNeuvf2yxk.

  • ———. 17 February 1933. Norma Shearer to Sail. NYT, p. 14.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 28 March 1933. Thalberg and Metro Deny He Has Resigned. NYT, p. 23.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 16 July 1933. Before the Cameras and Microphones. New York Times (hereafter NYT), p. X3.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 18 July 1933. Ocean Travelers. NYT, p. 14.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 19 July 1933. To Offer Novello Play. NYT, p. 20.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 15 August 1933. Screen Notes. NYT, p. 20.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 15 August 1933. Thalberg Under M.-G.-M. Banner. Los Angeles Times (hereafter LAT), p. A1.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 18 August 1933. Thalbergs Arrive from vacation Abroad. Los Angeles Times, p. A14.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 6 March 1934. Copy of Contents of Axel Fersen. Count Axel Fersen’s Diary and Correspondence, Katharine Prescott Wormeley Translation, Manuscript Inventories: Turner/MGM Scripts, 1859.f-M-584, 2 pp., Margaret Herrick Library, Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, Los Angeles (hereafter MHL).

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 6 March 1934. Summation of Axel Fersen. Diary and Correspondence of Count Axel Fersen Relating to the Court of France, trans. Katharine Prescott Wormeley (New York: Brentano’s Publishers, 1902). Manuscript Inventories: Turner/MGM scripts, 1859.f-M-583, p. 1, MHL.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. May 1934. The Norma Shearer Irving Thalberg Loves. The New Movie Magazine, 9, 5, pp. 33, 71.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 15 September 1936. Estate of $10,000,000 Earned by His Film Genius. Variety Daily, 13, 7, p. 5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anthony, Katharine. 1933. Marie Antoinette. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.

    Google Scholar 

  • A.U. 15 September 1936. Obituary for Irving Grant Thalberg, Variety Daily, 13, 7, p. 4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barrymore, Ethel. 1955. Memories. New York: Harper and Brothers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barrymore, John. 1935. We Three: Ethel, Lionel, John. Akron, OH, and New York: Saalfield Publishing Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baskette, Kirtley. July 1938. A Queen Comes Back. Photoplay, 52, 7, pp. 20, 22, 85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bingen, Steven, Stephen X. Sylvester, and Michael Troyan. 2011. MGM: Hollywood’s Greatest Backlot. Solana Beach: Santa Monica Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bordwell, David, Janet Staiger, and Kristin Thompson. 1985. The Classical Hollywood Cinema: Film Style & Mode of Production to 1960. New York: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Breen, Joseph. 9 October 1934. Preliminary Report to Irving Thalberg, p. 1, Production Code Administration records, MHL.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 10 October 1934. Memo for Files, Production Code Administration Records, Microfilm Reel 14, MHL.

    Google Scholar 

  • Breen Office. 9 October 1934. Memorandum, pp. 1–7, Production Code Administration Records, MHL.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 10 October 1934. Memo for Files, Production Code Administration Records, MHL.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruel, François-Louis. 1909. Un Siècle d’histoire de France par l’estampe 1770–1871: Collection de Vinck: Inventaire analytique. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bucknall, Nathalie. 18 August 1933. Memo to Sidney Franklin in Sidney Franklin File 1: Marie Antoinette Correspondence 1933–34, Box 28: Marie Antoinette, MGM Collection, CAL.

    Google Scholar 

  • Byre, Allan. 23 July 1934. Reader’s Report to Laudy Lawrence in Sidney Franklin File 1: Marie Antoinette Correspondence 1933–34, Box 28: Marie Antoinette, MGM Collection, CAL.

    Google Scholar 

  • Castelot, André. 1993. Le procès de Marie-Antoinette. Paris: Perrin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coffee, Lenore. 1973. Storyline: Reflections of a Hollywood Screenwriter. London: Cassell & Company Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dumas, Alexandre. 1910. The Queen’s Necklace. New York: P. F. Collier and Son, Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, Anne. 1977. Vivien Leigh: A Biography. New York: Simon and Schuster.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eyman, Scott. 2005. Lion of Hollywood: The Life and Legend of Louis B. Mayer. New York: Simon and Schuster.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferrand, Knox. 6 November 1936. Letter to Mrs. Irving Thalberg and Mr. Hyman, in Irving G. Thalberg and Norma Shearer Papers, 1.f-20: Irving G. Thalberg Estate 1936, MHL.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fersen, Axel. 1902. Diary and Correspondence of Count Axel Fersen Relating to the Court of France, trans. Katharine Prescott Wormeley. New York: Brentano’s Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flamini, Roland. 1994. Thalberg: The Last Tycoon and the World of M-G-M. New York: Crown Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Franklin, Sidney. 13 and 17 June 1933. Notes in Sidney Franklin File 1: Marie Antoinette Correspondence 1933–34, Box 28: Marie Antoinette, MGM Collection, CAL.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 10 October 1933. Memo to Irving Thalberg in Sidney Franklin File 1: Marie Antoinette Correspondence 1933–34, Box 28: Marie Antoinette, MGM Collection, CAL.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 25 October 1933. Memo to Robert Sherwood in Sidney Franklin File 1: Marie Antoinette Correspondence 1933–34, Box 28: Marie Antoinette, MGM Collection, CAL.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 19 December 1933. Memo to Irving Thalberg in Sidney Franklin File 1: Marie Antoinette Correspondence 1933–34, Box 28: Marie Antoinette, MGM Collection, CAL.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 15 March 1934. Summary of Points at Conference with Mr. Thalberg on Script, Pages 1–3, in Sidney Franklin File 2: Marie Antoinette Story Notes 1934, Box 28: Marie Antoinette, MGM Collection, CAL.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gutner, Howard. 2001. Gowns by Adrian: The MGM Years 1928–1941. New York: Harry N. Abrams Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hagan (or Hogan), Edward. 5–6 April 1933. Reader’s Report on Stefan Zweig’s Marie Antoinette, Manuscript Inventories: Turner/MGM Scripts, 1859.f-M-583, 1, MHL.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamann, G.D. (ed.). 1997. Norma Shearer in the 30’s. Hollywood: Filming Today Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harper, Sue. 1994. Picturing the Past: The Rise and Fall of the British Costume Film. London: British Film Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lambert, Gavin. 1990. Norma Shearer: A Life. London: Hodder & Stoughton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lanher, A. 8 May 1934. Reader’s Report to Laudy Lawrence in Sidney Franklin File 1: Marie Antoinette Correspondence 1933–34, Box 28: Marie Antoinette, MGM Collection, CAL.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lawrence, Laudy L. 24 July 1934. Letter to Irving Thalberg in Sidney Franklin File 1: Marie Antoinette Correspondence 1933–34, Box 28: Marie Antoinette, MGM Collection, CAL.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leider, Emily W. 2011. Myrna Loy: The Only Good Girl in Hollywood. Los Angeles: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, David. 1993. The Creative Producer, ed. James Curtis. Metuchen, NJ: The Scarecrow Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lloyd, Ann, and David Robinson (eds.). 1983. Movies of the Thirties. London: Orbis Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loeb, Edwin J. 17 October 1933. Telegram to Louis B. Mayer, in Irving G. Thalberg and Norma Shearer Papers, 1.f-7: Louis B. Mayer 1926–1933, MHL.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mannix, Eddie. 1930–1931. Eddie Mannix Ledger of MGM Releases, pp. 1–4, Howard Strickling Papers, 3-OS.f-10, MHL.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marx, Samuel. 1975. Mayer and Thalberg: The Make-Believe Saints. New York: Random House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mayer, Louis B. 15 September 1936. Louis B. Mayer Voices Sorrow. Variety Daily, 13, 7, p. 5.

    Google Scholar 

  • McGilligan, Patrick. 1986. Backstory: Interviews with Screenwriters of Hollywood’s Golden Age. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. 3 February 1934. Marie Antoinette, Rough Outline of the Story in Sidney Franklin File 2: Marie Antoinette Story Notes 1934, Box 28: Marie Antoinette, MGM Collection, CAL.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 14 February 1934. Marie Antoinette, Added Scenes and Changes in Sidney Franklin File 2: Marie Antoinette Story Notes 1934, Box 28: Marie Antoinette, MGM Collection, CAL.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 28 February 1934. Marie Antoinette, Possible New Line—Mr. Franklin, Mr. Sherwood, Mrs. West in Sidney Franklin File 2: Marie Antoinette Story Notes 1934, Box 28: Marie Antoinette, MGM Collection, CAL.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 1 March 1934. Outline of Scene Where Marie Antoinette Snubs DuBarry at Ball—Mr. Franklin, Mr. Sherwood, Mrs. West in Sidney Franklin File 2: Marie Antoinette Story Notes 1934, Box 28: Marie Antoinette, MGM Collection, CAL.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2 March 1934. Marie Antoinette, Revisions in Sidney Franklin File 2: Marie Antoinette Story Notes 1934, Box 28: Marie Antoinette, MGM Collection, CAL.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2 March 1934. Marie Antoinette, Sequence to Follow Bridal Night in Sidney Franklin File 2: Marie Antoinette Story Notes 1934, Box 28: Marie Antoinette, MGM Collection, CAL.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 19 October–9 December 1934. Marie Antoinette, Temporary Complete Screenplay, Made Up Special for Norma Shearer by Claudine West, Donald Ogden Stewart, and Ernest Vajda, 17 January 1935, 241 pp., Manuscript Inventories: Turner/MGM Scripts, 1862.f-M-608, Special Collections, MHL.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 26 January 1935. Marie Antoinette, Temporary Incomplete Screenplay, Manuscript Inventories: Turner/MGM Scripts, 1859.f-M-611, MHL.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 6–13 April 1935. Marie Antoinette, Sequence from Diamond Necklace Affair to Invasion of Versailles by Claudine West, Manuscript Inventories: Turner/MGM Scripts, 1863.f-M-613, MHL.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 26 June–18 August 1936. Marie Antoinette, Temporary Complete Screenplay, Manuscript Inventories: Turner/MGM Scripts, 1867.f-M-629, MHL.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 29 March 1937. Marie Antoinette, Temporary Complete Screenplay, Manuscript Inventories: Turner/MGM Scripts, 1868.f-M-634, MHL.

    Google Scholar 

  • Michelet, Jules. 1876–1877. Histoire de France par J. Michelet, 2nd ed., 19 vols. Paris: Librairie Internationale, A. Lacroix et Cie, Editeurs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Napley, David. 1989. Rasputin in Hollywood. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nelson, C. M. 11 January–26 February 1934. Research Notes on Various Published Sources, Manuscript Inventories: Turner/MGM Scripts, 1859.f-M-589, 21 pp., MHL.

    Google Scholar 

  • New York and New Jersey Exhibitors. 19 August 1933. Telegram to Irving Thalberg, in Irving G. Thalberg and Norma Shearer Papers, 1.f-2: Correspondence 1932–1933, MHL.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quirk, Lawrence J. 1988. Norma: The Story of Norma Shearer. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schallert, Edwin. 16 October 1932. Film Costs Hit Both Extremes. LAT, p. B13.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 19 August 1933. Max Baer ‘Crashes’ Greta Garbo Film Set; News and Gossip of Studio. LAT, p. A5.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 26 August 1933. Norma Shearer Will Play ‘Marie Antoinette’; Studio News, Gossip: New Film to Be Spectacle. LAT, p. A7.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 16 February 1934. Gloria Swanson Now Thalberg Star as Lengthy Negotiations Terminate Successfully. LAT, p. 11.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 22 July 1934. Can Harlow, Mae West, Survive War on Sex Roles? New Pollyanna Parts May Wreck Careers. Los Angeles Times, p. A1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schatz, Thomas. 1989/2010. The Genius of the System: Hollywood Filmmaking in the Studio Era, Preface by Steven Bach. New York: Pantheon Books; Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheuer, Philip K. 4 November 1934. A Town Called Hollywood. LAT, p. A3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shearer, Norma. Early 1960s. Memoirs. Unpublished.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sorlin, Pierre. 1980. The Film in History: Restaging the Past. Totowa, NJ: Barnes and Noble.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stein, A. 20 July 1934. Reader’s Report to Laudy Lawrence in Sidney Franklin File 1: Marie Antoinette Correspondence 1933–34, Box 28: Marie Antoinette, MGM Collection, CAL.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stewart, Donald Ogden. 1975. By a Stroke of Luck! An Autobiography. New York: Paddington Press Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strong, Roy. 1978. Recreating the Past: British History and the Victorian Painter. London: Thames and Hudson; New York: The Pierpont Morgan Library.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thalberg, Irving. 6 February 1933. Letter to Nicholas Schenk, in Irving G. Thalberg and Norma Shearer Papers, 2.f-27: Irving G. Thalberg—Nicholas Schenck Correspondence 1933, MHL.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thalberg, Irving, and Hugh Weir. 4 November 1933. Why Motion Pictures Cost So Much. The Saturday Evening Post, pp. 10–11, 83–85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, Bob. 1969. Thalberg: Life and Legend. Garden City, NY: Doubleday and Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • University of California, Los Angeles. 1988. French Caricature and the French Revolution, 1789–1799. Los Angeles: Grunwald Center for the Graphic Arts Wight Art Gallery, University of California.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vieira, Mark A. 1999. Sin in Soft Focus: Pre-Code Hollywood. New York: Harry N. Abrams.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2008. Hollywood Dreams Made Real: Irving Thalberg and the Rise of M-G-M. New York: Harry N. Abrams.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2010. Irving Thalberg: Boy Wonder to Producer Prince. Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walter, Gérard (ed.). 1993. Le procès de Marie-Antoinette, 23–25 vendémiaire ans II (14–16 octobre 1793). Brussels: Éditions Complexe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Warde, Esme. [Undated—ca. 1932–34] Synopsis of Stefan Zweig’s Marie Antoinette, Manuscript Inventories: Turner/MGM Scripts, 1859.f-M-583, 1, MHL.

    Google Scholar 

  • Willson, Dixie. August 1938. Norma Shearer Returns: The Story of Her Part in ‘Marie Antoinette’. Good Housekeeping, 107, pp. 64–65, 121-124.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zweig, Stefan. 1933. Marie Antoinette: The Portrait of an Average Woman, trans. Eden and Cedar Paul. New York: Viking Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to T. Lawrence Larkin .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Larkin, T.L. (2019). Irving Thalberg’s Film Production, 1934–1936. In: In Search of Marie-Antoinette in the 1930s. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14600-9_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics