Abstract
Section 93 of the Canadian Constitution Act, 1867, laid the legislative foundation upon which post-Confederation education in Canada was built. Section 93, while a watershed, was also a reaffirmation of the existing legal framework within which colonial schooling had already developed in Canada; by allocating the responsibility of education primarily to the provinces rather than the federal government, section 93 maintained an array of independent school acts while resisting a single national school system. This chapter examines the development of colonial school acts in the nineteenth century that led to section 93 of Canada’s constitution and the unique features of Canadian public education as a result, with particular reference to the constitutional entrenchment of publicly funded separate schooling for Catholics and Protestants.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Axelrod, Paul. The Promise of Schooling: Education in Canada, 1800–1914. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1999.
Cecillon, Jack D. Prayers, Petitions, and Protests: The Catholic Church and the Ontario Schools Crisis in the Windsor Border Region, 1910–1928. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2013.
Cruncian, Paul. Priests and Politicians: Manitoba Schools and the Election of 1896. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1974.
Di Mascio, Anthony. The Idea of Popular Schooling in Upper Canada: Print Culture, Public Discourse, and the Demand for Education. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2012.
Gaffield, Chad. Language, Schooling, and Cultural Conflict: The Origins of the French-Language Controversy in Ontario. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1987.
Gidney, Robert D., and Wyn P.J. Millar. Inventing Secondary Education: The Rise of the High School in Nineteenth-Century Ontario. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1990.
Fraser, David. “Honorary Protestants:” The Jewish School Question in Montreal, 1867–1997. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2015.
Freeland, Elaine. “Educational Reform and the English Schools of Québec.” McGill Journal of Education/Revue des sciences de l’éducation de McGill 34, no. 3 (1999): 243–60.
Kach, Nick, Kas Masurek, Robert S. Patterson, and Ivan DeFaveri, eds. Essays on Canadian Education. Calgary: Detselig Enterprises, 1986.
Lucas, C.P., ed. Lord Durham’s Report on the Affairs of British North America. 3 volumes. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1912.
Lupul, Manoly R. The Roman Catholic Church and the North-West School Question: A Study in Church-State Relations in Western Canada, 1875–1905. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1974.
MacLeod, Roderick, and Mary Anne Poutanen. A Meeting of the People: School Boards and Protestant Communities in Quebec, 1801–1998. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2004.
MacNaughton, Katherine F.C. The Development of the Theory and Practice of Education in New Brunswick, 1784–1900: A Study in Historical Background. Fredericton: University of New Brunswick Historical Studies, 1947.
Manzer, Ronald A. Public Schools and Political Ideas: Canadian Educational Policy in Historical Perspective. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1994.
Moir, John S. Church and State in Canada West. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1959.
Phillips, C.E. The Development of Education in Canada. Toronto: W.J. Gage Limited, 1957.
Russell, Frances. The Canadian Crucible: Manitoba’s Role in Canada’s Great Divide. Winnipeg: Heartland Associates, 2003.
Titley, Brian, and Peter J. Miller, eds. Education in Canada: An Interpretation. Calgary: Detselig Enterprises, 1982.
Tomkins, George S. A Common Countenance: Stability and Change in the Canadian Curriculum. Toronto: Prentice-Hall, 1986.
Tröhler, Daniel. “Curriculum History or the Educational Construction of Europe in the Long Nineteenth Century.” European Educational Research Journal 15, no. 3 (2016): 279–97.
Walker, Franklin A. Catholic Education and Politics in Upper Canada. Toronto: J. M. Dent and Sons, 1955.
Wallner, Jennifer. Learning to School: Federalism and Public Schooling in Canada. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2014.
Weir, George M. The Separate School Question in Canada. Toronto: Ryerson Press, 1934.
Wilson, J. Donald, Robert M. Stamp, and Louis-Philippe Audet, eds. Canadian Education: A History. Toronto: Prentice Hall, 1970.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Di Mascio, A. (2019). The Constitution of 1867, Separate Schooling, and the Roots of Division in Canadian Public Education. In: Westberg, J., Boser, L., Brühwiler, I. (eds) School Acts and the Rise of Mass Schooling. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13570-6_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13570-6_12
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-13569-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-13570-6
eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)