Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

International Workshop on Security and Privacy Requirements Engineering

International Workshop on the Security of Industrial Control Systems and Cyber-Physical Systems

SECPRE 2018, CyberICPS 2018: Computer Security pp 20–36Cite as

Cyber-Attacks Against the Autonomous Ship

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNSC,volume 11387))

Abstract

Autonomous ships transferring valuable cargoes and humans in a more efficient and cost effective manner will soon be state of the art technology. Yet, their ICT system architecture and operations have not been defined in full detail. Moreover, multiple cyber security issues remain open and should be addressed. No study to date has analyzed fully the architecture of the autonomous ship, even less so have potential cyber threats and cyber attacks been identified. In this paper we identify and categorize systems that make up an autonomous ship, we propose a generic system architecture, and we analyze the cyber security of the ship by leveraging the STRIDE threat modeling methodology to identify potential cyber attacks, and to analyze the accordant risk. The results will support ship designers and industry towards improving the autonomous ship system architecture and making ship operations more secure.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Lloyd’s Register. Cyber-enabled ships, p. 20 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Rolls-Royce. Remote and autonomous ship-the next steps, p. 88 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Microsoft. The stride threat model (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  4. MUNIN. Maritime unmanned navigation through intelligence in networks (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Rødseth, Ø.J., Tjora, A.: A system architecture for an unmanned ship, May 2014

    Google Scholar 

  6. Rødseth, Ø.J., Kvamstad, B., Porathe, T., Burmeister, H.C.. Communication architecture for an unmanned merchant ship. In 2013 MTS/IEEE OCEANS - Bergen, pp. 1–9, June 2013

    Google Scholar 

  7. Burmeister, H.C., Bruhn, W., Walther, L., Moræus, J.A., Sage-Fuller, B.: Munin d8.6: final report: autonomous bridge. Technical report (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  8. MacKinnon, S.N., Man, Y., Baldauf, M.: Munin d8.8 final report shore control centre. Technical report (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Schmidt, M., Fentzahn, E., Atlason, G.F., Rødseth, H.: Munin 8.7 final report autonomous engine room. Technical report (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Rødseth, Ø.J., Burmeister, H.-C.: Risk assessment for an unmanned merchant ship. TransNav 9(3), 357–364 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Tam, K., Jones, K.: Cyber-risk assessment for autonomous ships, p. 9 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Katsikas, S.K.: Cyber security of the autonomous ship. In Proceedings of the 3rd ACM Workshop on Cyber-Physical System Security, CPSS 2017, pp. 55–56. ACM, New York (2017 )

    Google Scholar 

  13. Hussain, S., Kamal, A., Ahmad, S., Rasool, G., Iqbal, S.: Threat modelling methodologies: a survey. Sci. Int. (Lahore) 26(4), 1607–1609 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Sidi, F., et al.: A comparative analysis study on information security threat models: a propose for threat factor profiling. J. Eng. Appl. Sci. 12, 548–554 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Cheung, C.Y.: Threat modeling techniques (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Havinga, H., Sessink, O.: Risk Reduction Overview Manual, version 1.0 edition (2014)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  17. Krishnan, S.: A hybrid approach to threat modelling, p. 24 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  18. ICS INTERCARGO INTERTANKO OCIMF BIMCO, CLIA and IUMI. The guidelines on cyber security onboard ships, p. 51 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Bruhn, W., et al.: Munin D5.2: process map for autonomous navigation. Technical report (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Kokotos, D., Linardatos, D., Nikitakos, N.B., Tzannatos, E.S.: Information and communication technologies in shipping industry (In Greek). Stamoulis (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Nordahl, H., Rødseth, Ø.J.: NFAS-definitions for autonomous merchant ships, p. 10 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Shostack, A.: Threat Modeling: Designing for Security, 1st edn. Wiley, Hoboken (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Jelacic, B., Rosic, D., Lendak, I., Stanojevic, M., Stoja, S.: STRIDE to a secure smart grid in a hybrid cloud. In: Katsikas, S.K., et al. (eds.) CyberICPS/SECPRE -2017. LNCS, vol. 10683, pp. 77–90. Springer, Cham (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72817-9_6

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  24. Kavallieratos, G.: Cyber-attacks against the cyber-enabled ship. M.Sc. thesis. University of Piraeus, Greece (2018)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Information Security and Communications Technology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Gjøvik, Norway

    Georgios Kavallieratos, Sokratis Katsikas & Vasileios Gkioulos

  2. School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Open University of Cyprus, Latsia, Nicosia, Cyprus

    Sokratis Katsikas

Authors
  1. Georgios Kavallieratos
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sokratis Katsikas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Vasileios Gkioulos
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Georgios Kavallieratos .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Gjøvik, Norway

    Sokratis K. Katsikas

  2. IMT Atlantique, Cesson-Sévigné, France

    Frédéric Cuppens

  3. IMT Atlantique, Cesson-Sévigné, France

    Nora Cuppens

  4. University of Piraeus, Piraeus, Greece

    Costas Lambrinoudakis

  5. Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Annie Antón

  6. University of the Aegean, Karlovasi, Greece

    Stefanos Gritzalis

  7. University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

    John Mylopoulos

  8. University of the Aegean, Mytilene, Greece

    Christos Kalloniatis

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Kavallieratos, G., Katsikas, S., Gkioulos, V. (2019). Cyber-Attacks Against the Autonomous Ship. In: Katsikas, S., et al. Computer Security. SECPRE CyberICPS 2018 2018. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 11387. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12786-2_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12786-2_2

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-12785-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-12786-2

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation