Abstract
In pedestrian dynamics, individual-based models serve to simulate the behavior of crowds so that evacuation times and crowd densities can be estimated or the efficiency of public transportation optimized. Often train systems are investigated where seat choice may have a great impact on capacity utilization. Thus it is necessary to reproduce passengers’ behavior inside trains. Yet there is surprisingly little research on the subject. In this contribution, we collect data on seating behavior in Munich’s suburban trains, analyze it, and subsequently introduce a model that matches what we observe. For example, within a compartment, passengers tend to choose the seat group with the smallest number of other passengers. Within a seat group, passengers prefer window seats and forward-facing seats. When there is already another person, passengers tend to choose the seat diagonally across from that person. These and other aspects are incorporated in our model. We demonstrate the applicability of our model and present a qualitative validation with a simulation example. The model’s implementation is part of the free and open-source VADERE simulation framework for pedestrian dynamics and thus available for cross-validation. The model can be used as one component in larger systems for the simulation of public transport.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Alizadeh, R.: A dynamic cellular automaton model for evacuation process with obstacles. Saf. Sci. 49(2), 315–323 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2010.09.006. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925753510002262
Cis, P.: Auslastungsgrad von Eisenbahnwagen in Abhängigkeit von individuellem Fahrgastverhalten. Diplomarbeit, Technische Universität Wien (2009). http://katalog.ub.tuwien.ac.at/AC07806180
Daamen, W., Duives, D.C., Hoogendoorn, S.P. (eds.): The Conference in Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics 2014 (PED 2014). In: Transportation Research Procedia, vol. 2, pp. 1–818. Elsevier, Delft (2014). www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/23521465/2/
Dietrich, F., Köster, G.: Gradient navigation model for pedestrian dynamics. Phys. Rev. E 89(6), 062801 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.89.062801
Ezaki, T., Ohtsuka, K., Chraibi, M., Boltes, M., Yanagisawa, D., Seyfried, A., Schadschneider, A., Nishinari, K.: Inflow process of pedestrians to a confined space (2016). Preprint. arXiv:1609.07884
Gao, Z., Qu, Y., Li, X., Long, J., Huang, H.J.: Simulating the dynamic escape process in large public places. Oper. Res. 62(6), 1344–1357 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/opre.2014.1312
Hall, E.T.: The Hidden Dimension. Doubleday, New York (1966)
Jaehn, F., Neumann, S.: Airplane boarding. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 244(2), 339–359 (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2014.12.008
Kirchner, A., Schadschneider, A.: Simulation of evacuation processes using a bionics-inspired cellular automaton model for pedestrian dynamics. Phys. A Stat. Mech. Appl. 312(1), 260–276 (2002)
Köster, G., Zönnchen, B.: Queuing at bottlenecks using a dynamic floor field for navigation. In: The Conference in Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics 2014, Transportation Research Procedia, pp. 344–352. Delft (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2014.09.029
Köster, G., Lehmberg, D., Dietrich, F.: Is slowing down enough to model movement on stairs? In: Knoop, V.L., Daamen, W. (eds.) Traffic and Granular Flow ’15, 27–30 October 2015, pp. 35–42. Springer, Nootdorp (2016)
Liu, X., Song, W., Fu, L., Fang, Z.: Experimental study of pedestrian inflow in a room with a separate entrance and exit. Phys. A Stat. Mech. Appl. 442, 224–238 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2015.09.026
Liu, X., Song, W., Fu, L., Lv, W., Fang, Z.: Typical features of pedestrian spatial distribution in the inflow process. Phys. Lett. A 380(17), 1526–1534 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2016.02.028. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0375960116001651
Panzera, N.: Die Haltezeit bei hochrangigen, innerstädtischen Verkehren–Einflussfaktoren und Optimierungspotenziale. Diplomarbeit, Fachhochschule St. Pölten GmbH (2014)
Pelechano, N., Badler, N.I.: Modeling crowd and trained leader behavior during building evacuation. Departmental Papers (CIS), p. 272 (2006)
Plank, V.: Dimensionierung von Gepäckablagen in Reisezügen. Diplomarbeit, Technische Universität Wien (2008). http://katalog.ub.tuwien.ac.at/AC05039323
Qiang, S.J., Jia, B., Xie, D.F., Gao, Z.Y.: Reducing airplane boarding time by accounting for passengers’ individual properties: a simulation based on cellular automaton. J. Air Transp. Manag. 40, 42–47 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2014.05.007
Rüger, B., Loibl, C.: Präferenzen bei der sitzplatzwahl in fernreisezügen. Eisenbahntechnische Rundschau (ETR) 59(11), 774–777 (2010). http://www.eurailpress.de/etr
Rüger, B., Ostermann, N.: Der Innenraum von Reisezugwagen–Gratwanderung zwischen sinn und effizienz. Eisenbahntechnische Rundschau (ETR) (3), 38–44 (2015). http://www.eurailpress.de/etr
Schöttl, J.: Modelling passengers’ seating behavior for simulations of pedestrian dynamics. Master’s Thesis, Munich University of Applied Sciences (2016)
Seitz, M.J.: Simulating pedestrian dynamics: Towards natural locomotion and psychological decision making. Ph.D. Thesis, Technische Universität München, Munich (2016). https://mediatum.ub.tum.de/?id=1293050
Seitz, M.J., Bode, N.W.F., Köster, G.: How cognitive heuristics can explain social interactions in spatial movement. J. R. Soc. Interface 13(121), 20160439 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2016.0439
Seitz, M.J., Seer, S., Klettner, S., Köster, G., Handel, O.: How do we wait? Fundamentals, characteristics, and modeling implications. In: Knoop, V.L. Daamen, W. (eds.) Traffic and Granular Flow ’15, 27–30 October 2015, pp. 217–224. Springer, Nootdorp (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33482-0
von Sivers, I., Köster, G.: Dynamic stride length adaptation according to utility and personal space. Transp. Res. B Methodol. 74, 104–117 (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trb.2015.01.009
Steiner, A., Phillipp, M.: Speeding up the airplane boarding process by using pre-boarding areas. In: Swiss Transport Research Conference. Ascona (2009)
Trinkoff, A.M.: Seating patterns on the Washington, DC Metro Rail System. Am. J. Public Health 75(6), 657–658 (1985). http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1646210/
Tuna, D.: Fahrgastwechselzeit im Personenfernverkehr. Master’s Thesis, Technische Universität Wien (2008). http://katalog.ub.tuwien.ac.at/AC05036489
VADERE-Team: VADERE simulation framework (2016). www.vadere.org
Wardman, M., Murphy, P.: Passengers’ valuations of train seating layout, position and occupancy. Transp. Res. A Policy Pract. 74, 222–238 (2015). http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0965856415000154
Xiao, Y., Gao, Z., Qu, Y., Li, X.: A pedestrian flow model considering the impact of local density: Voronoi diagram based heuristics approach. Transp. Res. C Emerg. Technol. 68, 566–580 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2016.05.012
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Schöttl, J., Seitz, M.J., Köster, G. (2019). Investigating Passengers’ Seating Behavior in Suburban Trains. In: Hamdar, S. (eds) Traffic and Granular Flow '17. TGF 2017. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11440-4_44
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11440-4_44
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-11439-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-11440-4
eBook Packages: Mathematics and StatisticsMathematics and Statistics (R0)