Abstract
Installation of micro-grid provides as viable solution to the problem of energy efficiency and environmental in the world; this is especially true for countries in the Middle East which have an abundance of natural sunlight. Recently, DC micro-grids have been a focus of numerous researches, and some industrial deployments are starting (Shenai et al. IEEE Power Electron. Mag. 3:42–48, 2016). The interest is due to several advantages in comparison to AC micro-grids in terms of efficiency, minimum number of devices, no need for frequency/phase control, modularity, and reliability. Moreover, it enables an easy integration of renewable energy resources, particularly photovoltaic ones. This study targets meshed DC micro-grid while most of literature papers concern radial DC micro-grids. It will bring several remarkable benefits: redundancy, better utilization of installed converters, flexible configuration, enhanced system reliability, and availability especially in case of line faults (Chen et al. IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. 31:1719-1727, 2016). In meshed DC grids, the control strategy of current or power becomes a critical issue particularly if a modular and generic solution is researched. The study focuses on the use of smart nodes controlling the power flow in the grid. The proposed control strategy is modeled and the simulation results are presented. A reduce scale tests based on DSPACE DS1103 have been provided to validate experimentally the proposed control scheme.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Chen, W., Zhu, X., Yao, L., Ning, G., Li, Y., Wang, Z., Gu, W., & Qu, X. (2016). A novel interline DC power-flow controller (IDCPFC) for Meshed HVDC grids. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 31, 1719–1727.
Deng, N., Wang, P., Zhang, X.-P., Tang, G., & Cao, J. (2015). A DC current flow controller for meshed modular multilevel converter multiterminal HVDC grids. CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems, 1, 43–51.
Ferreira, R. A. F., Braga, H. A. C., Ferreira, A. A., & Barbosa, P. G. (2012). Analysis of voltage droop control method for dc microgrids with Simulink: Modelling and simulation. In 2012 10th IEEE/IAS International Conference on Industry Applications. INDUSCON 2012, IEEE, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil, pp. 1–6.
Guerrero, J. M., Vasquez, J. C., Matas, J., de Vicuna, L. G., & Castilla, M. (2011). Hierarchical control of droop-controlled AC and DC microgrids—A general approach toward standardization. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 58, 158–172.
Haileselassie, T. M., & Uhlen, K. (2012). Impact of DC line voltage drops on power flow of MTDC using droop control. IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, 27, 1441–1449.
Hu, R., & Weaver, W. W. (2016). Dc microgrid droop control based on battery state of charge balancing. In 2016 IEEE Power and Energy Conference at Illinois (PECI), Urbana, IL, USA, pp. 1–8.
Jin, C., Wang, P., Xiao, J., Tang, Y., & Choo, F. H. (2014). Implementation of hierarchical control in DC microgrids. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 61, 4032–4042.
Khan, M. A., Husain, I., & Sozer, Y. (2014). A bidirectional DC–DC converter with overlapping input and output voltage ranges and vehicle to grid energy transfer capability. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 2, 507–516.
Liu, C., Chau, K. T., Diao, C., Zhong, J., Zhang, X., Gao, S., & Wu, D. (2010). A new DC micro-grid system using renewable energy and electric vehicles for smart energy delivery. In 2010 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference. Presented at the 2010 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC), IEEE, Lille, France, pp. 1–6.
Lu, X., Guerrero, J., Teodorescu, R., Kerekes, T., Sun, K., & Huang, L. (2011). Control of parallel-connected bidirectional AC-DC converters in stationary frame for microgrid application. In 2011 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition. Presented at the 2011 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), IEEE, Phoenix, AZ, USA, pp. 4153–4160.
Ma, T. T. H., Yahoui, H., Boubkari, F. B., Morel, H., Vu, H. G., & Siauve, N. (2017). Building a Matlab/Simulink model of SiC JFET for the investigation of solid state DC breaker. Grenoble: CoSys-DC.
Maclaurin, A., Okou, R., Barendse, P., Khan, M. A., & Pillay, P. (2011). Control of a flywheel energy storage system for rural applications using a Split-Pi DC-DC converter. In 2011 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference (IEMDC), Niagara Falls, ON, Canada, pp. 265–270.
Nakajima, T., & Irokawa, S. (1999). A control system for HVDC transmission by voltage sourced converters. In 199 IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting. Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.99CH36364), Edmonton, Alta., Canada, pp. 1113–1119.
Natori, K., Obara, H., Yoshikawa, K., Hiu, B. C., & Sato, Y. (2014). Flexible power flow control for next-generation multi-terminal DC power network. In 2014 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), Pittsburgh, PA, USA, pp. 778–784.
Oday, A. (2011). Investigation into high efficiency DC-DC converter topologies for a DC microgrid system. Ph.D thesis, University of Leicester.
Park, J., Kwon, M., & Choi, S. (2013). Design and Control of a Bi-directional Resonant DC-DC Converter for Automotive Engine/Battery Hybrid Power Generators 7.
Phattanasak, M., Gavagsaz-Ghoachani, R., Martin, J.-P., Pierfederici, S., & Davat, B. (2011). Flatness based control of an isolated three-port bidirectional DC-DC converter for a fuel cell hybrid source. In 2011 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, Phoenix, AZ, USA, pp. 977–984.
Rathore, A., Patil, D., & Srinivasan, D. (2016). Non-isolated bidirectional soft switching current fed LCL resonant DC/DC converter to Interface energy storage in DC microgrid. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 52(2): 1–1.
Rey-López, J. M., Vergara-Barrios, P. P., Osma-Pinto, G. A, & Ordóñez-Plata, G. (2015). Generalities about Design and Operation of Micro grids., DYNA 2015, 82(192), 109–119.
Rycroft, M. (2014). The emerging 400 V DC microgrid, EE Publishers Home.
Shenai, K., Jhunjhunwala, A., & Kaur, P. (2016). Electrifying India using solar DC microgrids. IEEE Power Electronics Magazine, 3, 42–48.
Singhai, M., Pilli, N., & Singh, S. K. (2014). Modeling and analysis of split-Pi converter using State space averaging technique. In 2014 IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Drives and Energy Systems (PEDES), Mumbai, India, pp. 1–6.
Yao, L., Cui, H., Zhuang, J., Li, G., Yang, B., & Wang, Z. (2016). A DC power flow controller and its control strategy in the DC grid. In 2016 IEEE 8th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IPEMC-ECCE Asia), Hefei, China, pp. 2609–2614.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank the ANR project C3μ and the GD3E/CPER for the project funding.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Barara, M., Morel, H., Clerc, G., Jamma, M., Bevilacqua, P., Zaoui, A. (2019). Control Strategy and Impact of Meshed DC Micro-grid in the Middle East. In: Qudrat-Ullah, H., Kayal, A. (eds) Climate Change and Energy Dynamics in the Middle East. Understanding Complex Systems. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11202-8_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11202-8_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-11201-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-11202-8
eBook Packages: EnergyEnergy (R0)