Abstract
Households in Afghanistan are under extreme pressure to cope with shocks of more than 40 years of endless hostility leading to extreme problem of human misery, lasting violence and bloodshed, displacement of population, outflow of refugees, destruction of infrastructure, and disruption of social and economic environment. Under such circumstances, the vulnerable segment of population struggle to cope up with numerous shocks in their day to day life. Understanding of the nature, dimensions, pattern and severity of shocks and the consequent coping strategies adopted by the vulnerable segments of the Afghan society are analysed in this chapter. The poor households suffered more from idiosyncratic shocks. In case of generic shocks, the picture is mixed for the poor and non-poor households. Households initially chose non-erosive strategies and when their options are exhausted the poor households tend to choose erosive coping mechanisms.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Cameron, Lisa A., and Christopher Worswick. 2003. “The Labor Market as a Smoothing Device: Labor Supply Responses to Crop Loss.” Review of Development Economics 7 (2): 327–41. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9361.00194.
Canagarajah, Sudharshan, Paul B. Siegel, Karin Heitzmann, and P. Sudharshan Canagarajah. 2002. “Guidelines for Assessing the Sources of Risk and Vulnerability.” 0218. Social Protection Discussion Paper Series. Washington, DC. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/370781468762886906/Guidelines-for-assessing-the-sources-of-risk-and-vulnerability.
Crawford, Neta C. 2015. “War-Related Death, Injury, and Displacement in Afghanistan and Pakistan 2001–2014.” Providence. https://watson.brown.edu/costsofwar/files/cow/imce/papers/2015/War%20Related%20Casualties%20Afghanistan%20and%20Pakistan%202001-2014%20FIN.pdf.
Davies, Susanna. 1996. Adaptable Livelihoods. London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24409-6.
Del Ninno, Carlo, and Alessandra Marini. 2005. “Household’s Vulnerability to Shocks in Zambia.” SP 0536. Social Protection Discussion Paper Series. Washington, DC. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/181701468168861866/Households-vulnerability-to-shocks-in-Zambia.
Dercon, Stefan. 2002. “Income Risk, Coping Strategies, and Safety Nets.” World Bank Research Observer 17 (2): 141–66. https://doi.org/10.1093/wbro/17.2.141.
Hutchinson, C. F. 1992. “Early Warning and Vulnerability Assessment for Famine Mitigation.” A Strategy Paper for the U.S. Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance, U.S. Agency for International Development. Tucson.
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. 2005. “National Risk and Vulnerability Assessment 2005.” Kabul: Central Statistics Organization.
———. 2008. “National Risk and Vulnerability Assessment 2007/8.” Kabul: Central Statistics Organization.
———. 2012. “National Risk and Vulnerability Assessment 2011/12.” Kabul: Central Statistics Organization.
Jacobsen, Grant. 2009. “Health and Death Risk and Income Decisions: Evidence from Microfinance.” The Journal of Development Studies 45 (6): 934–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220380902890250.
Jha, Raghbendra, Hari K. Nagarajan, and Kailash C. Pradhan. 2012. “Household Coping Strategies and Welfare: Does Governance Matter?” 2012/14. NCAER Working Papers on Decentralisation and Rural Governance in India. New Delhi. http://www.ncaer.org/free-download.php?pID=216.
Kanbur, Ravi, Christina Malmberg Calvo, Monica Das Gupta, Christiaan Grootaert, Victoria Kwakwa, and Nora Lustig. 2000. “World Development Report 2000/2001: Attacking Poverty.” Washington, DC. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/230351468332946759/World-development-report-2000-2001-attacking-poverty.
Kochar, Anjini. 1999. “Smoothing Consumption by Smoothing Income: Hours-of-Work Responses to Idiosyncratic Agricultural Shocks in Rural India.” Review of Economics and Statistics 81 (1): 50–61. https://doi.org/10.1162/003465399767923818.
Kozel, Valerie, Pierre Fallavier, and Reena Badiani. 2008. “Risk and Vulnerability Analysis in World Bank Analytic Work: FY2000-FY2007.” SP 0812. Social Protection Discussion Paper. Washington, DC. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/132701468315542069/Risk-and-vulnerability-analysis-in-World-Bank-analytic-work-FY2000-FY2007.
Kurosaki, Takashi. 2006. “Consumption Vulnerability to Risk in Rural Pakistan.” Journal of Development Studies 42 (1): 70–89. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220380500356696.
Pain, Adam. 2007. “Afghanistan: The Context.” In Reconstructing Agriculture in Afghanistan, edited by Jacky Sutton and Adam Pain. Rugby, Warwickshire, UK: Practical Action Publishing. https://doi.org/10.3362/9781780445731.
Pradhan, Kailash Chandra, and Shrabani Mukherjee. 2018. “Covariate and Idiosyncratic Shocks and Coping Strategies for Poor and Non-poor Rural Households in India.” Journal of Quantitative Economics 16 (1): 101–27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40953-017-0073-8.
Romero, Jose Manuel, and Geetha Nagarajan. 2011. “Impact of Micro-savings on Shock Coping Strategies in Rural Malawi.” SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2443142.
Skoufias, Emmanuel, and Agnes R. Quisumbing. 2005. “Consumption Insurance and Vulnerability to Poverty: A Synthesis of the Evidence from Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Mali, Mexico and Russia.” The European Journal of Development Research 17 (1): 24–58. https://doi.org/10.1080/09578810500066498.
Snel, Erik, and Richard Staring. 2001. “Poverty, Migration, and Coping Strategies: An Introduction.” Focaal European Journal of Anthropology 38: 7–22. http://hdl.handle.net/1765/1860.
United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. 2015. “2016 Humanitarian Needs Overview: Afghanistan.” Kabul. https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/sites/www.humanitarianresponse.info/files/documents/files/afg_2016_hno_final_20151209.pdf.
United States Agency for International Development. 1999. “Current Vulnerability Assessment Guidance Manual.” https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/24A4D552049990E6C1256DA900403B18-fews-vulnerable-aug99.pdf.
Velásquez-Castellanos, Iván, and Dil Bahadur Rahut. 2015. “Coping Strategies Adopted by Rural Extreme Poor Households in Bolivia.” Research Gate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266248446.
Watts, M. J. 2013. Silent Violence: Food, Famine, and Peasantry in Northern Nigeria. Geographies of Justice and Social Transformation. University of Georgia Press. https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vRuvAAAAQBAJ.
World Bank. 2013. “Afghanistan Economic Update.” Washington, DC. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/16510/770830REVISED0box377289B00PUBLIC00.pdf;sequence=1.
World Health Organisation. 1998. “WHO/EHA Emergency Health Training Programme for Africa: Coping Mechanisms.” Addis Ababa. http://apps.who.int/disasters/repo/5517.pdf.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hakim Haider, M., Kumar, S. (2018). Shocks and Coping Strategies of the Poor. In: Poverty in Afghanistan. Palgrave Pivot, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10859-5_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10859-5_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Pivot, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-10858-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-10859-5
eBook Packages: Economics and FinanceEconomics and Finance (R0)