Abstract
The problems of esophageal motility disorder after successful repair of EA or in cases of isolated CES warrants further investigations. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is expected to play a wider diagnostic role for CES and its subtypes in the future. Large series of patients are required from multi centers to reach to a unified consensus for managing cases of CES. Emerging procedures like peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) and esophageal stenting are encouraging to be used in children and probably in infants. Specially designed esophageal stents for children are required to be available in the future. Novel fully covered (biodegradable) stents will be developed with optimal characteristics for refractory benign esophageal stricture (RBES) management. Stents will have a sufficiently high radial force and elasticity to reduce the risk of stent migration and tissue ingrowth, but also a low axial force, reducing severe adverse events and fistula formation. A combination of currently available modalities can be used together such as endoscopic electrocautery incisions and esophageal stenting. Prospective trials are required to demonstrate long-term efficacy and safety. Better quality stents and improvement in the techniques and protocols for stenting hold hopes for better results without complications.
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Ibrahim, A., Al-Malki, T. (2019). Future Directions for CES. In: Congenital Esophageal Stenosis. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10782-6_12
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