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Discovery of New Extremophilic Enzymes from Diverse Fungal Communities

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Recent Advancement in White Biotechnology Through Fungi

Part of the book series: Fungal Biology ((FUNGBIO))

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Abstract

Extremophiles are microorganisms that are found in environments of extreme temperature (−2–15, 60–110 °C), ionic strength (2–5 M NaCl), or pH (<4, >9). Extremophiles are a source of enzymes (extremozymes) with extreme stability, and the application of these enzymes as biocatalysts has attracted attention because they are stable and active under conditions at which the normal enzymes do not work. These microorganisms are capable of surviving under extreme conditions in non-conventional environments, and their enzymes are adapted to these conditions. The properties of their enzymes have been optimized for these conditions. Extremophiles, particularly those from the Archaea, have novel metabolic pathways; hence, they serve as a source of enzymes with novel activities and applications. Among eukaryotes, fungi are the most versatile and ecologically successful phylogenetic lineage. With the exception of hyperthermophily, they adapt well to extreme environments. Fungi are found to live in acidic and metal-enriched waters from mining regions, alkaline conditions, hot and cold deserts, and the deep ocean and in hypersaline regions such as the Dead Sea. Extremophilic enzymes from fungi have been sought for because of the increasing industrial demands for biocatalysts that can cope with industrial process needs. Extremozymes have a great economic potential in many industrial processes, including agricultural, chemical, and pharmaceutical applications.

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge Gogate Jogalekar College, Ratnagiri, Maharashtra; Arts, Commerce and Science College, Lanja, Maharashtra; and Krishna University, Machilipatnam, AP, India.

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We declare that we do not have any conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, Gogate Jogalekar College, Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India

    Chanda Parulekar Berde

  2. Department of Zoology, Arts, Commerce and Science College, Lanja, Maharashtra, India

    Vikrant Balkrishna Berde

  3. Department of Biotechnology, Vignan University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India

    G. Mohana Sheela

  4. Department of Biotechnology, Krishna University, Machilipatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India

    Pallaval Veerabramhachari

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  1. Chanda Parulekar Berde
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  2. Vikrant Balkrishna Berde
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  3. G. Mohana Sheela
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  4. Pallaval Veerabramhachari
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Himachal Pradesh, India

    Ajar Nath Yadav

  2. QCQA Laboratory, Biotech Park, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Shashank Mishra

  3. Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University, Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Sangram Singh

  4. Department of Biology, Sri Avadh Raj Singh Smarak Degree College, Gonda, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Arti Gupta

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Berde, C.P., Berde, V.B., Mohana Sheela, G., Veerabramhachari, P. (2019). Discovery of New Extremophilic Enzymes from Diverse Fungal Communities. In: Yadav, A., Mishra, S., Singh, S., Gupta, A. (eds) Recent Advancement in White Biotechnology Through Fungi. Fungal Biology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10480-1_16

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