Abstract
Under vacuum conditions, ranging 5 to 80 Pa, orthogonal experiments were conducted by controlling the distillation temperature and holding time to study the lead vapor condensation conditions and nucleation growth mechanism. The results showed that the condensing temperature range of lead vapor concentrates in the region between 510 and 720 °C. Among them, the condensation effect was best in the region from 550 to 660 °C, and more than 80% of the lead condensed in this region. When the ambient pressure changed from 5 to 80 Pa, the temperature of the lead vapor condensate would change around 50 °C. By scanning electron microscopy, the condensation of lead vapor was found to be droplet condensation . The presence of temperature, pressure and gas all affected the nucleation and growth of lead. As the degree of undercooling increases, the condensed particles of lead gradually decreased.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Irfandi AF (2015) Analisis kandungan kadmium (cd) dan timbal (pb) pada air sumur gali penduduk di sekitar industri daur ulang aki, dan gangguan, kesehatan pada masyarakat, desa bandar khalipah kabupaten, deli serdang, tahun 2013, Lingkungan Dan Kesehatan Kerja, 2
Deng YH, Cao XM, Zhang QG (2010) Study of solar energy battery PbSO4 stored system. Electron Qual 10:66–68
Zhou JT, Xiao QH (2002) The Intelligent Management of Plumbum Acid Storage Battery. Packag Eng 23:88–89
Zhou Y, Lu DH, Zhang M (2017) Performance test of lead steel pipe damper. China Civil Eng J 1:46–52
Wang ZP, Wen ZG (2018) Life cycle assessment of recycled lead alloy from waste lead-acid battery. Acta Sci Circum 3:1245–1255
Zhang ML (2016) Study on recycling and harmless treatment process of lead-rich slag, pp 11–12
Ogundiran MB, Buluku TG, Babayemi JO (2015) Waste rechargeable electric lamps: characterisation and recovery of lead from their lead-acid batteries. J Mater Cycles Waste Manage 19:1–9
Tong YS, Zhang K, Cui H (2011) Production practice of lead recovery from waste lead-acid batteries and lead wastes. Chin Lab Man 4:165–167
Lin DQ (2011) Study on new process of recycling and utilization of waste lead storage battery and lead anode slime, Central south university
Yuan PX, Li CL (2006) Production practice of reducing lead in blast furnace slag by SKS lead smelting process. China Nonferrous Met 6:10–12
Zhu WY (2004) Ways to reduce lead in blast furnace slag. Hunan Nonferrous Met 5:26–28
Li SD, Shan TY (2011) Discussion on process of extraction indium from slag with plumbum. Hunan Nonferrous Met 4:22–24
Acknowledgements
The authors were grateful for financial support from the National Nature Science Fund of China (grant NO. 51,504,115), the NSCF-Yunnan Joint Fund (grant NO. U1502271) and the National Key Research and Development Program of China (grant NO. 2016YFC0400400).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society
About this paper
Cite this paper
Zhang, H., Pu, Z., Li, Y., Xu, J., Xu, B., Yang, B. (2019). Experimental Study on the Mechanism of Lead Vapor Condensation Under Vacuum. In: Jiang, T., et al. 10th International Symposium on High-Temperature Metallurgical Processing. The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05955-2_37
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05955-2_37
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-05954-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-05955-2
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)