Abstract
In recent years, the renewable energy sources are used as an electric source to reduce energy demand and environmental pollution which occurred using fossil fuels. Fuel cell which is one of the renewable energy sources, and especially Proton Exchange Membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is a good candidate to solve this problem because it has low emission, high efficiency, perfect part-load performance, and wide size range. This paper deals with the problem of controlling a DC–DC cascade boost converter which is used as a power block for energy conversion system of fuel cell electric vehicle. Using a sliding mode technique, the power converter is controlled in order to achieve two objectives: (i) tight regulation of DC voltage and (ii) asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system. It is worth noting that the nonlinearity of the PEMFC characteristic is taken into account in this work by considering a polynomial approximation of the V–I curve. Moreover, the dynamic model of DC–DC cascade boost converter is analyzed and simulated. It is shown using theoretical analysis and simulations that the controlled system satisfies all the objectives.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsAbbreviations
- Parameter :
-
Designation
- \( E^{Cell} \) :
-
Reversible cell potential (V)
- \( E_{0}^{Cell} \) :
-
Reference potential at standard operating conditions (V)
- \( R \) :
-
Universal gas constant [J/(mol K)]
- \( T \) :
-
Stack temperature (K)
- \( F \) :
-
Faraday’s constant (C/mol)
- \( P_{{H_{2} O}} \) :
-
Partial pressure of water (atm)
- \( P_{{O_{2} }} \) :
-
Pressure of hydrogen (atm)
- \( a,\,b \) :
-
Constant in Tafel equation (V/K)
- \( a_{0} \) :
-
Constant in Tafel equation (V/K)
- \( I \) :
-
Stack current (A)
- \( I_{l} \) :
-
Limiting current (A)
- \( n_{s} \) :
-
Number of PEM fuel cell stacks
- \( V_{O,\,FC} \) :
-
Open-circuit output voltage of the PEM fuel cell (V)
- \( V_{fc} \) :
-
Output voltage of PEM fuel cell (V)
References
Alloui, H., Marouani, K., Becherif, M., Sid, M. N., & Benbouzid, M. H. (2014). A control strategy scheme for fuel cell-vehicle based on frequency separation in green energy. International Conference on, 170–175.
Belhaj, F. Z., El Fadil, H., & El Idrissi, Z. (2016, April 21–22). Sliding mode control of DC–DC boost converter for electric vehicle applications. In Proceeding of the 3rd International Conference on Wireless Technologies embedded and intelligent Systems, WITS 2016 (pp. 309–313). Kénitra, Morocco.
Clerk Maxwell, J., (1892). A treatise on electricity and magnetism (3rd ed., Vol. 2, pp. 68–73). Oxford: Clarendon.
Dawidziuk, J. (2011). Review and comparison of high efficiency high power boost DC/DC converters for photovoltaic applications. Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences, 59(4), 499–506.
Eberle, U., Müller, B., & von Helmolt, R. (2012). Fuel cell electric vehicles and hydrogen infrastructure. Energy & Environmental Science, 5(10), 8780.
El Fadil, H., Giri, F., Guerrero, J. M., & Tahri, A. (2014). Modeling and nonlinear control of a fuel cell/supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system for electric vehicles. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 63(7), 3011–3018.
El Fadil, H. & Giri, F. (2012, September 2–5). Sliding mode control of fuel cell and supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system. In Proceeding of the IFAC Symposium on Power Plants and Power Systems control (PPPSC’12) (pp. 669–674). Toulouse, France.
El Fadil, H., Giri, F., & Guerrero, J. M. (2011, June 6–8). Adaptive sliding mode control of interleaved parallel boost converter for fuel cell energy sources. In Proceeding of ELECTRIMACS Conference, Cergy-Pontoise, France.
El Fadil, H., Giri, F., & Guerrero, J. M. (2013). Adaptive sliding mode control of interleaved parallel boost converter for fuel cell energy generation system. In IMACS transactions on Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (ELSEVIER), 91, 193–210.
Garraín, D., Lechón, Y., & de la Rúa, C. (2011). Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) in automotive applications: Environmental relevance of the manufacturing stage. Smart Grid and Renewable Energy, 2(2), 68–74.
MerinGeorge P. P., George, S., Eldo, S., & Raina, A. Cascaded boost converter for PV applications.
Mert, S. O., Dincer, I., & Ozcelik, Z. (2007). Exergoeconomic analysis of a vehicular PEM fuel cell system. Journal of Power Sources, 165(1), 244–252.
Puranik, S. V., Keyhani, A., & Khorrami, F. (2010). State-space modeling of proton exchange membrane fuel cell. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 25(3), 804–813.
Salhi, B., El Fadil, H., Magarotto, E., Ahmed Ali, T., & Giri, F. (2015). Adaptive output feedback control of interleaved parallel boost converters associated with fuel-cell. Electric Power Components and Systems, 43(8–10), 1141–1158.
Tahri, A., El Fadil, H. E., Guerrero, J. M, Giri, F. & Chaoui, F. Z. (2014a). Modeling and nonlinear control of electric power stage in hybrid electric vehicle. 2014 IEEE Conference on Control Applications (CCA) (pp. 641–646). Juan Les Antibes.
Tahri, A., Fadil, H., Giri, F., Chaoui, F. Z. (2014b, August 24–29). Nonlinear control and observation of a boost converter associated with a fuel-cell source in presence of model uncertainty. In Proceeding of the 19th IFAC World Congress (pp. 575–580). Cape Town, South Africa.
Tahri, A., El Fadil, H., Belhaj, F. Z., Gaouzi, K., Rachid, A., Giri, F., et al. (2018). Management of fuel cell power and supercapacitor state-of-charge for electric vehicles. Electric Power Systems Research, 160, 89–98.
Tahri, A., El Fadil, H., Giri, F., & Chaoui, F.-Z. (2016). Nonlinear adaptive control of a hybrid fuel cell power system for electric vehicles—A Lyapunov stability based approach. Asian Journal of Control, 18, 166–177.
Uzunoglu, M., & Alam, M. S. (2007). Dynamic modeling, design and simulation of a PEM fuel cell/ultra-capacitor hybrid system for vehicular applications. Energy Conversion and Management, 48(5), 1544–1553.
Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Moroccan Ministry of Higher Education (MESRSFC) and the CNRST under grant number PPR/2015/36.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Belhaj, F.Z., El Fadil, H., Tahri, A., Gaouzi, K., Rachid, A., Giri, F. (2019). Sliding Mode Control of a Cascade Boost Converter for Fuel Cell Energy Generation System. In: El Hani, S., Essaaidi, M. (eds) Recent Advances in Electrical and Information Technologies for Sustainable Development. Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05276-8_20
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05276-8_20
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-05275-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-05276-8
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)