Abstract
This contribution outlines the genesis and rise of the merchant in British literature from the Middle Ages to the eighteenth century. It charts a chequered history of early rejection, lingering skepticism with regard to the mercantile life and a slow, gradual, though never uncontroversial acceptance of merchants. This growing acceptance is mainly tied to the evolving positive image of trade and its function of promoting national as well as global wealth. By means of a literary tour d’horizon significant phases of this development up to Adam Smith’s homo oeconomicus are sketched out, with reference to texts by key authors such as Langland, Chaucer, Shakespeare, Marlowe, Bunyan and Mandeville.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Primary Literature
George Lillo. 1965. The London Merchant, ed. William H. McBurney. London: Edward Arnold.
George Warner, ed. 1926. The Libelle of Englyshe Polycye: A poem on the use of sea-power. [ca. 1436]. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Langland, William. 1994. Piers Plowman: The C-text. [ca. 1362–1393], ed. Derek Pearsall. Exeter: University of Exeter Press.
Mandeville, Bernard. 1988. The Fable of the bees or private vices, publick benefits [1705/1714]. 2 vols, ed. F.B. Kaye. Indianapolis: Liberty Press.
Shakespeare, William. 1949. The complete works of William Shakespeare, ed. W.J. Craig. London: Oxford University Press.
Smith, Adam. 1981. An inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of nations, 2 vols, ed. R.H. Campbell, A.S. Skinner; textual ed. W.B. Todd. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund.
———. 1984. The theory of moral sentiments, ed. D.D. Raphael and A.L. Macfie. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund.
Secondary Literature
Beckert, Jens. 2011. The transcending power of goods: Imaginative value in the economy. In The worth of goods. Valuation & pricing in the economy, ed. Beckert Jens and Patrik Aspers, 106–130. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Benson, John, and Laura Ugolini, eds. 2003. A nation of shopkeepers: Five centuries of British retailing. London: Tauris.
Breuer, Horst. 1979. Vorgeschichte des Fortschritts: Studien zur Historizität und Aktualität des Dramas der Shakespearezeit: Marlowe – Shakespeare – Jonson. München: Wilhelm Fink.
Guttandin, Friedhelm. 1998. Einführung in die Protestantische Ethik Max Webers. Opladen/Westfalen: Westdeutscher Verlag.
Hempel, Dirk, and Christine Künzel, eds. 2009. “Denn wovon lebt der Mensch?” Literatur und Wirtschaft. Frankfurt a. M: Peter Lang.
Hirschman, Albert O. 1977. The passions and the interest: Political arguments for capitalism before its triumph. Princeton: Princeton UP.
Kirchgässner, Gebhard. 1991. Homo oeconomicus: Das ökonomische Modell individuellen Verhaltens und seine Anwendung in den Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften. Tübingen: Mohr.
Kohl, Stephan. 1986. Das englische Spätmittelalter: Kulturelle Normen, Lebenspraxis, Texte. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag.
McVeagh, John. 1981. Tradefull merchants: The portrayal of the capitalist in literature. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Mein, Georg, and Franziska Schößler. 2005. Tauschprozesse. Kulturwissenschaftliche Verhandlungen des Ökonomischen. Bielefeld: Transcript.
Nicholson, Colin. 1994. Writing and the rise of finance: Capital satires of the early eighteenth century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Oncken, August. 1898. Das Adam Smith-problem. Zeitschrift für Socialwissenschaft 1: 25–33, 101–108, 276–287.
Pires, Edmundo Balsemão, and Joaquim Braga, eds. 2015. Bernard de Mandeville’s tropology of paradoxes. Morals, politics, economics, and therapy. London: Springer.
Prinz, Michael. 2003. Aufbruch in den Überfluss? Die englische ‘Konsumrevolution’ des 18. Jahrhunderts im Lichte der neueren Forschung. In Der lange Weg in den Überfluss. Anfänge und Entwicklung der Konsumgesellschaft seit der Vormoderne, ed. Michael Prinz, 191–217. Paderborn: Ferdinand Schöningh.
Reichert, Klaus. 1985. Fortuna oder die Beständigkeit des Wechsels. Frankfurt a. M: Suhrkamp.
Riedel, Wolfgang. 1990. ‘Die unsichtbare Hand’: Ökonomie, Sittlichkeit und Kultur der englischen Mittelklasse (1650–1850). Tübingen: Narr.
Southall, Raymond. 1973. Literature and the rise of capitalism: Critical essays mainly on the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. London: Lawrence & Wishart.
Suerbaum, Ulrich. 1996. Shakespeares Dramen. Tübingen/Basel: Francke.
Tillyard, E.M.W. 1963 [1943]. The Elizabethan world picture. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
Veeser, H. Aram, ed. 1994. The new historicism reader. New York/London: Routledge.
Volkmann, Laurenz. 2001. Mandeville’s beehive and Smith’s invisible hand: Conflicting voices of ethics and economics in early industrialism. In Talking forward, talking back: Critical dialogues with the enlightenment, ed. Kevin Cope and Rüdiger Ahrens, 13–42. New York: AMS Press.
———. 2003. Homo oeconomicus: Studien zur Modellierung eines neuen Menschenbilds in der englischen Literatur vom Mittelalter bis zum 18. Jahrhundert. Heidelberg: C. Winter.
———. 2007. Back with a vengeance: The return of Bernard Mandeville. In Anglistentag 2006 Halle. Proceedings, ed. Sabine Volk-Birke and Julia Lippert, 45–52. Trier: WVT.
Watts, Michael, ed. 2003. The literary book of economics: Including readings from literature and drama on economic concepts, issues, and themes. Wilmington: ISI-Books.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Volkmann, L. (2019). The Honest Merchant Before Adam Smith: The Genesis and Rise of a Literary Prototype in Britain. In: Lütge, C., Strosetzki, C. (eds) The Honorable Merchant – Between Modesty and Risk-Taking. Ethical Economy, vol 56. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04351-3_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04351-3_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-04350-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-04351-3
eBook Packages: Religion and PhilosophyPhilosophy and Religion (R0)