Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Oral Diseases and Their Severity

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Oral Health and Herbal Medicine

Part of the book series: SpringerBriefs in Public Health ((BRIEFSPUBLIC))

  • 664 Accesses

Abstract

Deterioration of oral health and tooth deformities are progressive and ultimately lead to tooth loss and subsequently may result in increased mortality rates. Since there is a strong relation between oral health and general health, the diminishing oral health could progressively lead to various ailments. Although there are different reasons for the cause of a particular disease, there is strong evidence that it could be significantly related to lack of proper oral hygiene. The dental caries due to loss of oral health may lead to different disorders or diseases such as cardiovascular and respiratory disorders, stroke, dementia, chronic renal failure, and stomach ulcers. The use of poor dietary practices, tobacco, unhygienic conditions, and negligence of initial dental problems are the major reasons for the progression of dental diseases. Diet could be a major deciding factor in the decline or improvement of oral health. Hence, the emergence of various diseases and deformities due to loss of oral health are remarkable, and they have serious impact on overall health of an individual.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 44.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 59.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Akar H, Akar GC, Carrero JJ, Stenvinkel P, Lindholm B (2011) Systemic consequences of poor oral health in chronic kidney disease patients. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 6(1):218–226

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Al Asqah M, Al Hamoudi N, Anil S, Al Jebreen A, Al-Hamoudi WK (2009) Is the presence of Helicobacter pylori in dental plaque of patients with chronic periodontitis a risk factor for gastric infection? Can J Gastroenterol 23(3):177–179

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • American Heart Association (2015) What is cardiovascular disease

    Google Scholar 

  • Azarpazhooh A, Leake JL (2006) Systematic review of the association between respiratory diseases and oral health. J Periodontol 77(9):1465–1482

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bahekar AA, Singh S, Saha S, Molnar J, Arora R (2007) The prevalence and incidence of coronary heart disease is significantly increased in periodontitis: a meta-analysis. Am Heart J 154(5):830–837

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bang G, Kristoffersen T (1972) Dental caries and diet in an Alaskan Eskimo population. Scand J Dent Res 80(5):440–444

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Beck J, Garcia R, Heiss G, Vokonas PS, Offenbacher S (1996) Periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease. J Periodontol 67(10s):1123–1137

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Belcastro G, Rastelli E, Mariotti V, Consiglio C, Facchini F, Bonfiglioli B (2007) Continuity or discontinuity of the life-style in central Italy during the Roman imperial age-early middle ages transition: diet, health, and behavior. Am J Phys Anthropol 132(3):381–394

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bender IB, Bender AB (2003) Diabetes mellitus and the dental pulp. J Endod 29:383–389

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carvalho LD, Bernardon JK, Bruzi G, Andrada MA, Vieira LC (2013) Hypoplastic enamel treatment in permanent anterior teeth of a child. Oper Dent 38(4):363–368

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng R, Yang H, Shao M, Hu T, Zhou X (2009) Dental erosion and severe tooth decay related to soft drinks: a case report and literature review. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 10(5):395–399

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dale J, Lindenmeyer A, Lynch E, Sutcliffe P (2014) Oral health: a neglected area of routine diabetes care? Br J Gen Pract 64(619):103–104

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dion N, Cotart JL, Rabilloud M (2007) Correction of nutrition test errors for more accurate quantification of the link between dental health and malnutrition. Nutrition 23(4):301–307

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Featherstone J (2008) Dental caries: a dynamic disease process. Aust Dent J 53:286–291

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Erik Petersen P (2003) Tobacco and Oral health – the role of the World Health Organization. In: Oral health & preventive dentistry, vol 1, pp 309–315

    Google Scholar 

  • Gambhir R, Gupta T (2016) Need for oral health policy in India. Ann Med Health Sci Res 6(1):50–55

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gatz M, Mortimer JA, Fratiglioni L, Johansson B, Berg S, Reynolds CA, Pedersen NL (2006) Potentially modifiable risk factors for dementia in identical twins. Alzheimers Dement 2:110–117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guha N, Boffetta P, Wünsch Filho V, ElufNeto J, Shangina O, Zaridze D, Curado MP, Koifman S, Matos E, Menezes A, Szeszenia Dabrowska N, Fernandez L, Mates D, Daudt AW, Lissowska J, Dikshit R, Brennan P (2007) Oral health and risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and esophagus: results of two multicentric case-control studies. Am J Epidemiol 166(10):1159–1173

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta P, Gupta N, Pawar AP, Birajdar SS, Natt AS, Singh HP (2013) Role of sugar and sugar substitutes in dental caries: a review. ISRN Dent 2013:519421

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta M, Gupta M, Abhishek (2015) Oral conditions in renal disorders and treatment considerations—a review for pediatric dentist. Saudi Dent J 27(3):113–119

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holmlund A, Holm G, Lind L (2006) Severity of periodontal disease and number of remaining teeth are related to the prevalence of myocardial infarction and hypertension in a study based on 4,254 subjects. J Periodontol 77(7):1173–1178

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holmlund A, Holm G, Lind L (2010) Number of teeth as a predictor of cardiovascular mortality in a cohort of 7,674 subjects followed for 12 years. J Periodontol 81(6):870–876

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jansson H, Lindholm E, Lindh C, Groop L, Bratthall G (2006) Type 2 diabetes and risk for periodontal disease: a role for dental health awareness. J Clin Periodontol 33(6):408–414

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jin LJ, Lamster IB, Greenspan JS, Pitts NB, Scully C, Warnakulasuriya S (2015) Global burden of oral diseases: emerging concepts, management and interplay with systemic health. Oral Dis 22(7):609–619

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leuckfeld I, Obregon-Whittle MV, Lund MB, Geiran O, Bjørtuft Ø, Olsen I (2008) Severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: association with marginal bone loss in periodontitis. Respir Med 102(4):488–494

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li S, Williams PL, Douglass CW (2011) Development of a clinical guideline to predict undiagnosed diabetes in dental patients. J Am Dent Assoc 142(1):28–37

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • López-López J, Jané-Salas E, Estrugo-Devesa A, Velasco-Ortega E, Martín-González J, Segura-Egea JJ (2011) Periapical and endodontic status of type 2 diabetic patients in Catalonia, Spain: a cross-sectional study. J Endod 37:598–601

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marcenes W, Kassebaum NJ, Bernabé E, Flaxman A, Naghavi M, Lopez A, Murray CJ (2013) Global burden of oral conditions in 1990-2010: a systematic analysis. J Dent Res 92(7):592–597

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mortazavi H, Baharvand M, Mehdipour M (2014) Oral potentially malignant disorders: an overview of more than 20 entities. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 8(1):6–14

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Moura da Silva G, Coutinho SB, Piscoya MD, Ximenes RA, Jamelli SR (2012) Periodontitis as a risk factor for pre-eclampsia. J Periodontol 83(11):1388–1396

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nag T, Ghosh A (2013) Cardiovascular disease risk factors in Asian Indian population: a systematic review. J Cardiovasc Dis Res 4(4):222–228

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nazir MA (2017) Prevalence of periodontal disease, its association with systemic diseases and prevention. Int J Health Sci Res 11(2):72–80

    Google Scholar 

  • Negrato CA, Tarzia O (2010) Buccal alterations in diabetes mellitus. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2:3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Noble JM, Borrell LN, Papapanou PN, Elkind MS, Scarmeas N, Wright CB (2009a) Periodontitis is associated with cognitive impairment among older adults: analysis of NHANES-III. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 80(11):1206–1211

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Okamoto N, Morikawa M, Okamoto K, Habu N, Iwamoto J, Tomioka K, Saeki K, Yanagi M, Amano N, Kurumatani N (2010) Relationship of tooth loss to mild memory impairment and cognitive impairment: findings from the Fujiwara-Kyo study. Behav Brain Funct 6:77

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pallasch TJ, Slots J (1996) Antibiotic prophylaxis and the medically compromised patient. Periodontol 2000 10:107–138

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Patrick DL, Lee RSY, Nucci M, Grembowski D, Jolles CZ, Milgrom P (2006) Reducing oral health disparities: a focus on social and cultural determinants. BMC Oral Health 6(Suppl 1):S4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Preet R (2013) Health professionals for global health: include dental personnel upfront!. Glob Health Action 6. https://doi.org/10.3402/gha.v6i0.21398.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reed D (2014) Healthy eating for healthy nurses: nutrition basics to promote health for nurses and patients. Online J Issues Nurs 19(3):7

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds CM, Gray C, Li M, Segovia SA, Vickers MH (2015) Early life nutrition and energy balance disorders in offspring in later life. Nutrients 7(9):8090–8111

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Segura-Egea JJ, Castellanos-Co Healthy L, Machuca G, López-López J, Martín-González J, Velasco-Ortega E (2012) Diabetes mellitus, periapical inflammation and endodontic treatment outcome. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 17:356–361

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sicca C, Bobbio E, Quartuccio N, Nicolò G, Cistaro A (2016) Prevention of dental caries: a review of effective treatments. J Clin Exp Dent 8(5):604–610

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh A, Bharathi MP, Sequeira P, Acharya S, Bhat M (2011) Oral health status and practices of 5 and 12 year old Indian tribal children. J Clin Pediatr Dent 35(3):325–330

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spahr A, Klein E, Khuseyinova N, Boeckh C, Muche R, Kunze M, Rothenbacher D, Pezeshki G, Hoffmeister A, Koenig W (2006) Periodontal infections and coronary heart disease: role of periodontal bacteria and importance of total pathogen burden in the Coronary Event and Periodontal Disease (CORODONT) study. Arch Intern Med 166(5):554–559

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stein PS, Desrosiers M, Donegan SJ, Yepes JF, Kryscio RJ (2007) Tooth loss, dementia and neuropathology in the Nun study. J Am Dent Assoc 138:1314–1322

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stewart R, Hirani V (2007) Dental health and cognitive impairment in an English national survey population. J Am Geriatr Soc 55:1410–1414

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tada A, Hanada N (2010) Opportunistic respiratory pathogens in the oral cavity of the elderly. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 60:1–17

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor GW, Borgnakke WS, Graves DT (2010) Chapter 6 Association between periodontal diseases and diabetes mellitus. In: Periodontal disease and overall health: a clinician’s guide. Professional Audience communications, Yardley, p 83

    Google Scholar 

  • Türp JC, Spranger H (2016) Non-communicable disease and their significance for dental medicine. Swiss Dent J 126:473–489

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organisation (2017) Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). http://www.who.int/news-room/factsheets/detail/cardiovascular-diseases-(cvds)

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu T, Trevisan M, Genco RJ, Dorn JP, Falkner KL, Sempos CT (2000) Periodontal disease and risk of cerebrovascular disease: the first national health and nutrition examination survey and its follow-up study. Arch Intern Med 160:2749–2755

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yadav K, Prakash S (2016) Dental caries: a review. Asian J Biomed Pharm Sci 06:01–07

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zi MYH, Longo PL, Bueno-Silva B, Mayer MPA (2014) Mechanisms involved in the association between periodontitis and complications in pregnancy. Front Public Health 2:290

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Khalid Rehman Hakeem & Waseem Mohammed Abdul

  2. MNR Dental College, NTR Health University, Vijayawada, India

    Mohd Muzzammil Hussain

  3. Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Syed Shoeb Iqbal Razvi

Authors
  1. Khalid Rehman Hakeem
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Waseem Mohammed Abdul
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mohd Muzzammil Hussain
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Syed Shoeb Iqbal Razvi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Hakeem, K.R., Abdul, W.M., Hussain, M.M., Razvi, S.S.I. (2019). Oral Diseases and Their Severity. In: Oral Health and Herbal Medicine. SpringerBriefs in Public Health. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04336-0_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04336-0_3

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-04335-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-04336-0

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation