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Viral Hepatitis: Acute Hepatitis pp 45–65Cite as

Acute Hepatitis C

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Abstract

Acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections remain one of the main causes of liver disease worldwide with a varying incidence among different countries. Acute HCV infection classically refers to the first 6 months after exposure to the virus. During recent years, incidence seems to be changing in many countries, lowering rates due to improved case detection and improved prevention of transmission (i.e., unsafe medical procedures) or higher due to emergence of prevalent routes especially among injection drug users and men who have sex with men (MSM). Diagnosis of acute infection could be challenging and is mainly based on serological and molecular assays, since clinical symptoms are not present in most patients. Spontaneous viral clearance occurs in about 25% of individuals, generally in the first 3–6 months of infection due to complex interaction between virus and host, which is only partially understood. HCV reinfections have been described in people who injected drugs (PWID) and MSM who cleared the infection spontaneously or were successfully treated. Treatment of acute HCV is now based on a combination of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) and it seems promising even if clear recommendations regarding optimal regimen and treatment duration are currently unavailable. Data are lacking also on pre-exposure and postexposure prophylaxis. Implementation of screening, information campaigns, and community awareness together with early treatment could be the strategies to control the spreading of HCV infection.

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Change history

  • 20 June 2019

    The original version of Chapter 4 was inadvertently published with the incorrect Figure 4.1. The correct figure 4.1 has been corrected below:

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Internal Medicine, Section Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands

    Joop E. Arends

  2. Infectious Diseases Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy

    Maria Cristina Leoni

  3. Division of Infectious Diseases, Paris Centre University Hospitals, APHP, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France

    Dominique Salmon

Authors
  1. Joop E. Arends
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  2. Maria Cristina Leoni
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  3. Dominique Salmon
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Correspondence to Joop E. Arends .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Cerrahasa Medical School, Istanbul University Cerrahasa Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey

    Resat Ozaras

  2. University Medical Center Utrecht, GA Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

    Joop E. Arends

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Arends, J.E., Leoni, M.C., Salmon, D. (2019). Acute Hepatitis C. In: Ozaras, R., Arends, J. (eds) Viral Hepatitis: Acute Hepatitis. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03535-8_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03535-8_4

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