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Carbon Allotropes: Metal-Complex Chemistry, Properties and Applications pp 35–109Cite as

Classic Carbon Nanostructures

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Abstract

The era of carbon-based nanotechnology, as it is well-known, started from 1985 when the fullerene C60 was discovered. The rediscovery of carbon nanotubes and unexpected discovery of graphene gave a powerful impulse to the further development of carbon nanostructures. At present, these nanocarbons, as well as nanodiamonds or nanofibers, can already be considered as “conventional” carbon nanostructures.

Image reproduced with permission of the MDPI (Materials 2017, 10(9), 1066)

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Notes

  1. 1.

    See also section below on graphane.

  2. 2.

    See also sections on solubilization of carbon allotropes in water and organic solvents.

  3. 3.

    See also a generalized book: Optical Properties of Graphene, Edited by R. Binder. World Scientific, 2017, 516 pp.

  4. 4.

    See https://www.nature.com/search?article_type=protocols,research,reviews&subject=synthesis-of-graphene. Accessed on 3 Jan 2018.

  5. 5.

    See also the state-of-the-art review on ultrasound methods for graphene preparation: Muthoosamy K., Manickam S. State of the art and recent advances in the ultrasound-assisted synthesis, exfoliation and functionalization of graphene derivatives. Ultrason. Sonochem. 2017, 39, 478–493.

  6. 6.

    See also sections on coordination chemistry of carbon allotropes.

  7. 7.

    Via the “molecular surgical method ,” that is, opening a hole on a C60 surface, enlargement of the hole, insertion of a guest species, and enclosure of the hole without loss of the encapsulated guest (Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A, 2013, 371, 20110636)

  8. 8.

    Highly recommended recent review

  9. 9.

    The high surface area 3D framework of the CNTs coupled with the high edge density of graphene is the fundamental advantage of this integrated graphene-CNT structure.

  10. 10.

    which can dissolve carbon to form metal carbides

  11. 11.

    See also the section on the MOF-derived nanocarbons.

  12. 12.

    See relative information on the decoration of carbon nanotubes in a review: Decoration of carbon nanotubes with metal nanoparticles: Recent trends. Synthesis and Reactivity in Inorganic, Metal-Organic, and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2016, 46(1), 55–76.

  13. 13.

    See related data on the solubilization of carbon nanotubes in: Solubilization and Dispersion of Carbon Nanotubes. Springer-Nature, 2017, 250 pp.

  14. 14.

    See the information on CNTs-metal complex composites in: Coordination and organometallic compounds in the functionalization of carbon nanotubes. J. Coord. Chem., 2014, 67(23–24), 3769–3808.

  15. 15.

    See also information in the section of metal-complex composites of CNFs.

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    Boris Ildusovich Kharisov & Oxana Vasilievna Kharissova

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Kharisov, B.I., Kharissova, O.V. (2019). Classic Carbon Nanostructures. In: Carbon Allotropes: Metal-Complex Chemistry, Properties and Applications. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03505-1_3

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