Skip to main content

From Filmic Form to Meaning

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
  • 813 Accesses

Abstract

Vertov’s works always revolved around the documentary, for it was only here that for him both the truth and the essence of the people in the Soviet reality were revealed. The fact that the film-maker turned precisely to film and did not, for example, work as the editor of a daily newspaper may be happenstance, or it may be traced back to Vertov’s active interest in new media. It is, however, just as plausible to assume that Vertov recognised in film the potential for revealing his processes without detracting from their effect – on the contrary; the director felt that films could actually gain in fascination through the demonstration of the processes of craftsmanship. Vertov transmitted the idea of film work as a demonstrative activity and accentuated the professional abilities of his film team. Above all, in his early films he also presented his colleagues on the screen, where they were shown practising their professions in a manner almost reminiscent of folk art: “The activity of a ‘filmer’, e.g. the cutter at work editing the material shot is expressly equated with the finishing of textiles and the sewing of fabric parts” (Drubek-Meyer and Murašov 2000: 8). This comparison runs through the history of editing and is also mentioned by Walter Murch, who sees it as a possible reason for the high proportion of women in the editing profession (Wright 2009).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD   129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    For a detailed investigation of the development of film stock over the course of film production, cf. the appropriate sections in Salt 1992

  2. 2.

    Brockmann here refers to the emotion theory of Nico Frijda, in particular the book The Emotions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1986.

  3. 3.

    Her expression is “cushion of air”.

  4. 4.

    My thanks to Sergei Kapterev for the explanation.

  5. 5.

    My thanks to Eva Binder for the information.

  6. 6.

    Archival document with signature V 108, held in the Collection Dziga Vertov at the Austrian Film Museum

References

  • Balázs, Béla. 2001a [1924]. Der sichtbare Mensch. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2001b [1930]. Der Geist des Films. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barck, Joanna, and Wolfgang Beilenhoff. 2004. Das Gesicht im Film und seine sekundären Inszenierungen. Eine Einleitung der Gastherausgeber. montage/av 13 (1): 6–11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beilenhoff, Wolfgang. 2004. Affekt als Adressierung. Figurationen der Masse in Panzerkreuzer Potemkin. montage/av 13 (1): 50–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benjamin, Walter. 1977 [1936]. Das Kunstwerk im Zeitalter seiner technischen Reproduzierbarkeit. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brockmann, Till. 2014. Die Zeitlupe. Anatomie eines filmischen Stilmittels. Marburg: Schüren.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bulgakowa, Oksana. 2003. Spatial figures in Soviet cinema of the 1930s. In The Landscape of Stalinism. The Art and Ideology of Soviet Space, ed. Evgeny Dobrenko and Eric Naiman, 51–76. Seattle, London: University of Washington Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bürger, Peter. 1974. Theorie der Avantgarde. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crofts, Stephen, and Olivia Rose. 1977. An essay towards Man with a movie camera. Screen 18 (1): 9–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cutting, James. 2011. Quicker, faster, darker: Changes in Hollywood film over 75 years. Perception 2: 569–576.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cutting, James, et al. 2013. Mapping narrative space in Hollywood film. Projections 7 (2): 64–91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Drubek-Meyer, Natascha. 2000. In Apparatur und Rhapsodie. Zu den Filmen des Dziga Vertov, ed. Jurij Murašov. Frankfurt am Main u. a.: Peter Lang.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flaker, Aleksandar. 1989. In Die russische Avantgarde. Glossarium der russischen Avantgarde, ed. Aleksandar Flaker, 11–47. Graz: Droschl.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaudreault, André. 1990. Showing and telling. Image and word in early cinema. In Early Cinema: Space, Frame, Narrative, ed. Thomas Elaesser, 274–281. London: British Film Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Groys, Boris. 1996. Gesamtkunstwerk Stalin. Munich: Hanser.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2005. In Unsterbliche Körper. Die neue Menschheit, ed. Boris Groys and Michael Hagemeister, 8–18. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Günther, Hans. 1984. Die Verstaatlichung der Literatur. Entstehung und Funktionsweise des sozialistischrealistischen Kanons in der sowjetischen Literatur der 30er Jahre. Stuttgart: Metzlersche Verlagsbuchhandlung.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gunning, Tom. 1990. The cinema of attractions. Early film, its spectators and the Avant-Garde. In Early Cinema: Space, Frame, Narrative, ed. Thomas Elaesser, 56–62. London: British Film Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hagemeister, Michael. 2005. Unser Körper muss unser Werk sein. Beherrschung der Natur und Überwindung des Todes in russischen Projekten des frühen 20. Jahrhunderts. In Die neue Menschheit, ed. Boris Groys and Michael Hagemeister, 19–67. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hicks, Jeremy. 2007. Dziga Vertov. Defining Documentary Film. London, New York: I. B. Tauris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaes, Anton. 2000. Das bewegte Gesicht. Zur Großaufnahme im Film. In Gesichter der Weimarer Republik. Eine physiognomische Kulturgeschichte, ed. Claudia Schmölders and Sandra Gilman, 156–174. Köln: DuMont.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kanzog, Klaus. 2000. Internalisierte Religiosität. Elementarstrukturen der visuellen Rhetorik in Dziga Vertovs Drei Lieder über Lenin. In Apparatur und Rhapsodie. Zu den Filmen des Dziga Vertov, ed. Natascha Drubek-Meyer and Jurij Murašov, 201–219. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kiefer, Bernd. 1993. Kulturmontage im Posthistoire. Zur Filmästhetik von Hans Jürgen Syberberg. In Montage in Theater und Film, ed. Horst Fritz, 229–247. Tübingen: Francke.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leyda, Jay. 1983. Kino. A history of the Russian and Soviet film. London et al.: Allen & Unwin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Listov, Viktor. 2000. Vertov als Schriftsteller. In Tagebücher/Arbeitshefte, ed. Thomas Tode and Alexandra Gramatke, 187–194. Konstanz: UVK Medien.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loiperdinger, Martin. 2001. Die Erfindung des Dokumentarfilms durch die Filmpropaganda im Ersten Weltkrieg. In Die Einübung des dokumentarischen Blicks. 'Fiction Film' und 'Non Fiction Film' zwischen Wahrheitsanspruch und expressiver Sachlichkeit 1895–1945, ed. Ursula von Keitz and Kay Hoffmann, 71–81. Marburg: Schüren.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacKay, John. 2006. Allegory and Accomodation: Vertov’s three songs of Lenin (1934) as a Stalinist film. Film History 18: 376–391.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2007. The subjective camera in Vertov’s Lullaby (1937). Unpublished document. 1–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Manovich, Lev. 2001. The language of new media. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2013. Visualizing Vertov. http://softwarestudies.com/cultural_analytics/Manovich.Visualizing_Vertov.2013.pdf. Last accessed 18 August 2018.

  • Margolit, Evgenij. 1999. Der Film unter Parteikontrolle. In Geschichte des sowjetischen und russischen Films, ed. Christine Engel, 68–108. Stuttgart, Weimar: J. B. Metzler.

    Google Scholar 

  • Monaco, James. 2004. Film verstehen. Reinbek bei Hamburg: Rowohlt.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murch, Walter. 2001. In the blink of an eye. A perspective on film editing. Los Angeles: Silman-James Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paperny, Vladimir. 2002. Architecture in the age of Stalin. Culture two. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearlman, Karen. 2013. Cutting rhythms. Shaping the film edit. New York, London: Focal Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Penfold, Christopher. 2013. Elizaveta Svilova and Soviet Documentary Film. Dissertation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Redfern, Nick. 2007. Constructing movement in the cinema. New Review of Film and Television Studies 5 (2): 173–189.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ryklin, Michail. 2008. Kommunismus als Religion. Die Intellektuellen und die Oktoberrevolution. Frankfurt am Main: Verlag der Weltreligionen.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salt, Barry. 1992. Film style and technology: History and analysis. London: Starword.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strauß, Gerhard. 1989. In Brisante Wörter. Von Agitation bis Zeitgeist. Ein Lexikon zum öffentlichen Sprachgebrauch, ed. Ulrike Haß and Gisela Harras. Berlin, New York: de Gruyter.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Svilova-Vertova, Elizaveta, and Anna L. Vinogradova, eds. 1976. Dziga Vertov v vospominanijach sovremenikov. Moscow: Iskusstvo.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tretjakov, Sergej. 1972 [1928]. Unser Kino. In Sergej Tretjakov. Die Arbeit des Schriftstellers. Aufsätze, Reportagen, Porträts, ed. Heiner Boencke, 57–73. Reinbek bei Hamburg: Rowohlt.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsivian, Yuri. 1994. Early Cinema in Russia and its Cultural Reception. Chicago, London: The University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 1996. The wise and wicked game: Re-editing and Soviet film culture of the 1920s. Film History 8 (3): 327–343.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2004. Dziga Vertov and His Time. In Lines of Resistance. Dziga Vertov and the Twenties, ed. Yuri Tsivian, 1–28. Sacile, Pordenone: Le Giornate del Cinema Muto.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tode, Thomas, and Alexandra Gramatke. 2000. Tagebücher/Arbeitshefte. Konstanz: UVK Medien.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vertov, Dziga. 1967 [1934a]. In Dsiga Wertow. Aus den Tagebüchern, ed. Peter Konlechner and Peter Kubelka, 28–31. Wien: Österreichisches Filmmuseum.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 1973a [1925]. Vorläufige Instruktionen an die Zirkel des 'Kinoglaz'. In Dziga Vertov. Schriften zum Film, ed. Wolfgang Beilenhoff, 41–53. München: Hanser.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 1973b [1929]. Vom 'Kinoglaz' zum 'Radioglaz' (Aus den Anfangsgründen der Kinoki). In Dziga Vertov. Schriften zum Film, ed. Wolfgang Beilenhoff, 74–81. München: Hanser.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 1984a [1922]. WE. Variant of a Manifesto. In Kino-Eye. The writings of Dziga Vertov, ed. Annette Michelson, 7–9. Berkeley, Los Angeles: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 1984b [1923]. Kinoks: A Revolution. In Kino-Eye. The writings of Dziga Vertov, ed. Annette Michelson, 11–24. Berkeley, Los Angeles: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 1984c [1926b]. Kino-eye. Kino-Eye. The writings of Dziga Vertov. In Annette Michelson, 60–79. Berkeley. Los Angeles: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 1984d [1929b]. From Kino-eye to radio-eye. Kino-Eye. In The writings of Dziga Vertov, ed. Annette Michelson, 85–92. Berkeley, Los Angeles: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 1984e [1934]. Dziga Vertov: Three Songs of Lenin and Kino-Eye. In Kino-Eye. The writings of Dziga Vertov, ed. Annette Michelson, 123–126. Berkeley, Los Angeles: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2008c [1925a]. Kinematografija – ne suščestvuet. In Dziga Vertov iz nasledija. Tom vtoroj. Stati i vystuplenija, ed. Dar’ja Kružkova, 62–63. Moscow: Ėjzenštejn-centr.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2008e [1928]. Čto takoe Kino-Glaz. In Dziga Vertov iz nasledija. Tom vtoroj. Stati i vystuplenija, ed. Dar’ja Kružkova, 157–164. Moscow: Ėjzenštejn-centr.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2008f [1929]. Vystuplenie posle obščestvenno prosmotra 'Čeloveka s kinoapparatom' v Kieve. In Dziga Vertov iz nasledija. Tom vtoroj. Stati i vystuplenija, ed. Dar’ja Kružkova, 147–149. Moscow: Ėjzenštejn-centr.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2008g [1934]. Simfonija myslej. In Dziga Vertov iz nasledija. Tom vtoroj. Stati i vystuplenija, ed. Dar’ja Kružkova, 264–265. Moscow: Ėjzenštejn-centr.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2006 [1947]. Tvorčeskaja kartočka (1917–1947). In Dziga Vertov. The Vertov Collection at the Austrian Film Museum, ed. Austrian Film Museum, Thomas Tode, and Barbara Wurm, 79–158. Vienna: Austrian Film Museum, Synema.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2008b [1949]. Otkrytoe partijnoe sobranie. Vystuplenie Vertova 15 marta 1949g. In Dziga Vertov iz nasledija. Tom vtoroj. Stati i vystuplenija, ed. Dar’ja Kružkova, 377–379. Moscow: Ėjzenštejn-centr.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2008h. [n.d.] Kak ėto načalos. In Dziga Vertov iz nasledija. Tom vtoroj. Stati i vystuplenija, ed. Dar’ja Kružkova, 265–267. Moscow: Ėjzenštejn-centr.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vöhringer, Margarete. 2007. Avantgarde und Psychotechnik. Wissenschaft, Kunst und Technik der Wahrnehmungsexperimente in der frühen Sowjetunion. Göttingen: Wallstein.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolfe, Ross. 2013. Stalinism in art and architecture, or, the first postmodern style. Situations 5/1: 101–111.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wright, Julia. 2009. Making the cut. Female editors and representation in the film and media industry. http://www.csa/publications/newsletters/academic-year-2008-09 [last accessed: 18.8.2018].

  • Wurm, Barbara. 2009. Vertov Digital. Numerisch-graphische Verfahren der formalen Analyse. Digital Formalism. Die kalkulierten Bilder des Dziga Vertov, Klemens Gruber, Barbara Wurm, and Vera Kropf, 15-43. Vienna, Cologne, Weimar: Maske und Kothurn 55/3.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2010. Lernen, Lernen, Lernen! … auf der … Neuen Tafel des Jahrhunderts. Sowjetunion. Nicht-Spielfilm. 1920er Jahre. In Das Erziehungsbild. Zur visuellen Kultur des Pädagogischen, ed. Tom Holert and Marion von Osten, 47–69. Wien: Schlebrügge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yampolsky, Mikhail. 1994. Mask face and machine face. The Drama Review 38 (3): 60–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Archival documents

  • Montažnyj list. K kartine “Tri pesni o Lenine” zvukovogo varianta. 1934. Austrian Film Museum, Collection Dziga Vertov, V 108.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Heftberger, A. (2018). From Filmic Form to Meaning. In: Digital Humanities and Film Studies. Quantitative Methods in the Humanities and Social Sciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02864-0_7

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics