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Nanotechnology for Oil-Water Separation

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Advanced Research in Nanosciences for Water Technology

Part of the book series: Nanotechnology in the Life Sciences ((NALIS))

Abstract

The contamination of oceanic and ground water sources due to oil seepages and industrial waste solvents has emerged as a global issue urging for immediate counter measures to epitomize the catastrophic repercussions on sensitive ecological system. In this sense, various advanced techniques have been explored for the effective oil/solvent-water separation. Recently, researchers have focused on nanomaterials for efficient oil/solvent-water separation, as they render highly active surface area, improved functionality with ability to tailor the properties, and nano-scale dispersion. The oil/solvent-water separation is widely achieved via superwetting phenomena, i.e., superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic, superoleophobic/superoleophilic, which leverages selective wettability towards oil/solvents or water. The superwetting materials can be fabricated by engineering the porous surface-architecture and nano/micro-scaled hierarchical surface roughness. Various nano-functionalized superwetting materials like Janus fabrics, membranes, nanofibers, sponges/foams, and meshes have been explored for the treatment of oil/solvent-water emulsions, as they render high separation efficiency, recyclability, mechanical durability, and high performance against harsh environments. These superwetting nano-engineered materials are promising potential candidates for treating oil/solvent-water emulsions in large quantities, as compared to traditional separation techniques in the near future. In this book chapter, we have discussed the recent advances on superwetting nano-engineered Janus materials, foams, and sponges for the efficient oil/solvent-water separation, along with the governing principle theories such as Wenzel, and Cassie-Baxter. We have also discussed the fabrication methods for these materials, followed by a summary and future scope.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nano Surface Texturing Lab, Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering, DIAT (DU), Ministry of Defence, Pune, Girinagar, India

    Prakash M. Gore & Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian

  2. Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia

    Prakash M. Gore, Minoo Naebe & Xungai Wang

  3. Centre for Biopolymer Science and Technology, Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology, Eloor, Udyogmandal, Kochi, India

    Anukrishna Purushothaman

Authors
  1. Prakash M. Gore
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  2. Anukrishna Purushothaman
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  3. Minoo Naebe
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  4. Xungai Wang
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  5. Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China

    Ram Prasad

  2. State University of Maringa, Paraná, Paraná, Brazil

    Thirugnanasambandham Karchiyappan

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Gore, P.M., Purushothaman, A., Naebe, M., Wang, X., Kandasubramanian, B. (2019). Nanotechnology for Oil-Water Separation. In: Prasad, R., Karchiyappan, T. (eds) Advanced Research in Nanosciences for Water Technology. Nanotechnology in the Life Sciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02381-2_14

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