Thermodynamic Consideration on Volcanic Landforms

Abstract

Based on the first law of thermodynamics in the view point of non-equilibrium thermodynamics, the concept of entropy is expressed in terms of the probability of various states and treatments of the distribution of energy. From the general hypothesis of forming volcanoes by physical constraints, typical shape for the longitudinal profiles of volcanoes is determined which enables us to observe in the field or map. Weathering and erosion are insufficient to determine the shape, height, and geometries of volcanoes. However, solutions become possible by introducing the concept that the distribution of energy tends toward the most probable. This solution leads to a theoretical definition of the thermodynamics and geometry of volcanic landforms that agrees closely with field observations. The most probable state for certain physical systems can also be illustrated by Lorentz plot. The average longitudinal profiles and angle of repose were so derived. They have the properties implied by the theory. The regularity derived from the average longitudinal profiles has some of the principal properties demonstrated by the concept of entropy. Specifically, the height of volcano and distance from its summit are exponentially inversely-proportional.