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Municipal and Industrial Wastewater Treatment Using Constructed Wetlands

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Phytoremediation

Part of the book series: Concepts and Strategies in Plant Sciences ((CSPS))

Abstract

High rate of urbanization and industrialization in recent years is generating very large amount of wastewater. Inadequate wastewater treatment options may lead to the discharge of untreated wastewaters (containing organic matter, inorganic and organic chemicals, toxic substances, and disease-causing agents) into the aquatic environment, thereby deteriorating their quality. These toxic chemicals such as heavy metals draw our concern towards their remediation due to their harmful effect on human metabolism and ecosystem as a result of their high persistence in the environment. Constructed wetlands are being widely used for treating many classes of contaminants such as heavy metals, domestic and industrial wastewater, textile dye effluents, pesticides, petroleum hydrocarbons, explosives, radionuclides, etc. This treatment method overcomes the shortcomings of conventional wastewater treatment methods as it is a cost-effective, non-intrusive and eco-centric technology. This chapter reviews and provides an insight into constructed wetland technology employed for efficient remediation of difficult-to-treat wastewaters.

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Abbreviations

BOD:

Biochemical Oxygen Demand

COD:

Chemical Oxygen Demand

CW:

Constructed Wetlands

FWSCW:

Free Water Surface Constructed Wetlands

HRT:

Hydraulic Retention Time

HSSFCW:

Horizontal Sub-surface Flow Constructed Wetland

SSFCW:

Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland

STP:

Sewage Treatment Plants

TOC:

Total Organic Carbon

TSS:

Total Suspended Solids

VFCW:

Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland

VSSFCW:

Vertical Sub-surface Flow Constructed Wetlands

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Water Quality Management Division, Central Pollution Control Board, Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change, Delhi, 110032, India

    Vivek Rana

  2. Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826004, India

    Subodh Kumar Maiti

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  1. Vivek Rana
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  1. Environmental Sciences, Lone Star College–Kingwood, Kingwood, TX, USA

    Brian R. Shmaefsky

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Rana, V., Maiti, S.K. (2020). Municipal and Industrial Wastewater Treatment Using Constructed Wetlands. In: Shmaefsky, B. (eds) Phytoremediation. Concepts and Strategies in Plant Sciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00099-8_10

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