Abstract
Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is the type species of the genus Coronavirus of the family Coronaviridae. It is of considerable economic importance to the poultry industry worldwide, causing a highly contagious disease affecting the respiratory, reproductive, and renal systems.
Chapter PDF
References
Alexander, D. J., Gough, R. E., and Pattison, M., 1978, A long-term study of the pathogenesis of infection of fowls with three strains of avian infectious bronchitis virus, Res. Vet. Sci.24:228.
Alexander, D. J., Allan, W. H., Biggs, P. M., Bracewell, C. D., Darbyshire, J. H., Dawson, P. S., Harris, A. H., Jordan, F. T. W., Macpherson, L, McFerran, J. B., Randall, C. J., Stuart, J. C., Swarbrick, O., and Wilding, G. P., 1983, A standard technique for haemagglutination inhibition tests for antibodies to avian infectious bronchitis virus, Vet. Rec.113:64.
Ambali, A. G., and Jones, R. C., 1990, Early pathogenesis in chicks of infection with an enterotropic strain of infectious bronchitis virus, Avian Dis.34:809.
Barr, D. A., Reece, R. L., O’Rourke, D., Button, C., and Faragher, J. T., 1988, Isolation of infectious bronchitis virus from a flock of racing pigeons, Aust. Vet. J.65:228.
Berry, D. M., Cruickshank, J. G., Chu, H. P., and Wells, R. J. H., 1964, The structure of infectious bronchitis virus, Virology 23:403.
Bingham, R. W., Madge, M. H., and Tyrrell, D. A. J., 1975, Haemagglutination by avian infectious bronchitis virus—a Coronavirus, J. Gen. Virol.28:381.
Biondi, E., and Schiavo, A., 1966, Susceptibility of various bird species to avian infectious bronchitis, Acta Med. Vet. Napoli 12:537.
Blake, J. T., 1962, Effects of experimental chronic respiratory disease and infectious bronchitis on pullets, Am. J. Vet. Res.23:847.
Boots, A. M. H., Van Lierop, M. J., Küsters, J. G., Van Kooten, P. J. S., Van der Zeijst, B. A. M., and Hensen, E. J., 1991, MHC class II-restricted T-cell hybridomas recognizing the nucleocapsid protein of avian Coronavirus IBV, Immunology 72:10.
Boots, A. M. H., Benaissa-Trouw, B. J., Hesselink, W., Rijke, E., Schrier, C., and Hensen, E. J., 1992, Induction of anti-viral immune responses by immunization with recombinant-DNA encoded avian Coronavirus nucleocapsid protein, Vaccine 10:119.
Box, P., 1988, Infectious bronchitis—protection of layers and breeders, in: Proceedings of the First International Symposium on infectious bronchitis (E. F. Kaleta and U. Heffels-Redmann, eds.), pp. 289–297, Rauischholzhausen, West Germany.
Boyle, J. F., Weismiller, D. G., and Holmes, K. V., 1987, Genetic resistance to mouse hepatitis virus correlates with absence of virus binding activity on target tissues, J. Virol.61:185.
Broadfoot, D. I., Pomeroy, B. S., and Smith, W. M. Jr., 1956, Effects of infectious bronchitis in baby chicks, Poultry Sci.35:757.
Bumstead, N., Huggins, M. B., and Cook, J. K. A., 1989, Genetic differences in susceptibility to a mixture of avian infectious bronchitis virus and Escherichia coli, Br. Poultry Sci.30:39.
Cavanagh, D., and Davis, P. J., 1988, Evolution of avian Coronavirus IBV: Sequence of the matrix glycoprotein gene and intergenic region of several serotypes, J. Gen. Virol.69:621.
Cavanagh, D., and Davis, P. J., 1992, Sequence analysis of strains of avian infectious bronchitis Coronavirus isolated during the 1960s in the UK. (Brief report), Arch. Virol.130:471.
Cavanagh, D., Darbyshire, J. H., Davis, P., and Peters, R. W., 1984, Induction of humoral neutralising and haemagglutination-inhibiting antibody by the spike protein of avian infectious bronchitis virus, Avian Pathol.13:573.
Cavanagh, D., Davis, P. J., Darbyshire, J. H., and Peters, R. W., 1986, Coronavirus IBV: Virus retaining spike glycopolypeptide S2 but not SI is unable to induce virus-neutralizing or haemagglutination-inhibiting antibody or induce chicken tracheal protection, J. Gen. Virol.67:1435.
Cavanagh, D., Davis, P. J., and Mockett, A. P. A., 1988, Amino acids within hypervariable region 1 of avian Coronavirus IBV (Massachusetts serotype) spike glycoprotein are associated with neutralization epitopes, Virus Res.11:141.
Cavanagh, D., Davis, P. J., and Cook, J. K. A., 1992a, Infectious bronchitis virus: Evidence for recombination within the Massachusetts serotype, Avian Pathol.21:401.
Cavanagh, D., Davis, P. J., Cook, J. K. A., Li, D., Kant, A., and Koch, G., 1992b, Location of the amino acid differences in the SI spike glycoprotein subunit of closely related serotypes of infectious bronchitis virus, Avian Pathol.21:33.
Clarke, J. K., McFerran, J. B., and Gay, F. W., 1972, Use of allantoic cells for the detection of avian infectious bronchitis virus, Arch. Gesamte Virusforschung 36:62.
Cook, J. K. A., 1968, Duration of experimental infectious bronchitis in chickens, Res. Vet. Sci.9:506.
Cook, J. K. A., 1971, Recovery of infectious bronchitis virus from eggs and chicks produced by experimentally inoculated hens, J. Comp. Pathol.81:203.
Cook, J. K. A., 1984, The classification of new serotypes of infectious bronchitis virus isolated from poultry flocks in Britain between 1981–1983, Avian Pathol.13:733.
Cook, J. K. A., 1988, Epidemiology of IBV in Great Britain, in: Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Infectious Bronchitis (E. F. Kaleta and U. Heffels-Redmann, eds.), pp. 27–30, Rauischholzhausen, West Germany.
Cook, J. K. A., and Ellis, M. M., 1988, Long-term studies on serotyping European IBV strains, in: Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Infectious Bronchitis (E. F. Kaleta and U. Heffels-Redmann, eds.), pp. 224–228, Rauischholzhausen, West Germany.
Cook, J. K. A., and Garside, J. S., 1967, A study of the infectious bronchitis status of a group of chicks hatched from infectious bronchitis infected hens, Res. Vet. Sci.8:74.
Cook, J. K. A., and Huggins, M. B., 1986, Newly isolated serotypes of infectious bronchitis virus: Their role in disease, Avian Pathol.15:129.
Cook, J. K. A., Smith, H. W., and Huggins, M. B., 1986, Infectious bronchitis immunity: Its study in chickens experimentally infected with mixtures of infectious bronchitis virus and Escherichia coli, J. Gen. Virol.67:1427.
Cook, J. K. A., Brown, A. J., and Bracewell, C. D., 1987, Comparison of the haemagglutination inhibition test and the serum neutralisation test in tracheal organ cultures for typing infectious bronchitis virus strains, Avian Pathol.16:505.
Cook, J. K. A., Davison, T. F., Huggins, M. B., and McLaughlan, P., 1991a, Effect of in ovo bursectomy on the course of an infectious bronchitis virus infection in line C white leghorn chickens, Arch. Virol.118:225.
Cook, J. K. A., Huggins, M. B., and Ellis, M. M., 1991b, Use of an infectious bronchitis virus and Escherichia coli model infection to assess the ability to vaccinate successfully against infectious bronchitis in the presence of maternally-derived immunity, Avian Pathol.20:619.
Cook, J. K. A., Otsuki, K., Martins, N. R. da Silva, Ellis, M. M., and Huggins, M. B., 1992, The secretory antibody response of inbred lines of chicken to avian infectious bronchitis virus infection, Avian Pathol.21:681.
Csermelyi, M., Thijssen, R., Orthel, P., Burger, A. G., Kouwenhoven, B., and Lütticken, D., 1988, Serological classification of recent infectious bronchitis virus isolates by the neutralisation of immunofluorescent foci, Avian Pathol.17:139.
Cubillos, A., Ulloa, J., Cubillos, V, and Cook, J. K. A., 1991, Characterisation of strains of infectious bronchitis virus isolated in Chile, Avian Pathol.20:85.
Cumming, R. B., 1963, Infectious avian nephrosis (uraemia) in Australia, Aust. Vet. J.39:145.
Cumming, R. B., 1969, Studies on avian infectious bronchitis virus. 3. Attempts to infect other avian species with the virus, Aust. Vet. J.45:312.
Darbyshire, J. H., Rowell, J. G., Cook, J. K. A., and Peters, R. W., 1979, Taxonomic studies on strains of avian infectious bronchitis virus using neutralisation tests in tracheal organ cultures, Arch. Virol.61:227.
Davelaar, F. G., and Kouwenhoven, B., 1980, Vaccination of 1-day-old broilers against infectious bronchitis by eye drop application or coarse droplet spray and the effect of revaccination by spray, Avian Pathol.9:499.
Davelaar, F. G., Kouwenhoven, B., and Burger, A. G., 1981, Investigations into the significance of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) variant strains in broiler and egg production, in: Proceedings of the World Veterinary Poultry Association, p. 44, International congress of WVPA, Oslo.
Davelaar, F. G., Noordzij, A., and van der Donk, J. A., 1982, A study on the synthesis and secretion of immunoglobulins by the Harderian gland of the fowl after eyedrop vaccination against infectious bronchitis at 1-day-old, Avian Pathol.11:63.
Davelaar, F. G., Kouwenhoven, B., and Burger, A. G., 1983, Experience with vaccination against infectious bronchitis in broilers and significance of and vaccination against infectious bronchitis variant viruses in breeders and layers in the Netherlands, Clin. Vet.106:7.
Doherty, P. C., 1967, Titration of avian infectious bronchitis virus in the tissues of experimentally infected chickens, Aust. Vet. f.43:575.
El-Houadfi, Md., Jones, R. C., Cook, J. K. A., and Ambali, A. G., 1986, The isolation and characterisation of six avian infectious bronchitis viruses isolated in Morocco, Avian Pathol.15:93.
Fabricant, J., and Levine, P. P., 1962, Experimental production of complicated chronic respiratory disease infection (“air sac” disease), Avian Dis.6:13.
Froyman, R., Derijcke, J., Meulemans, G., and Vaudermeersch, R., 1985, Infectious bronchitis-associated nephritis in broilers, Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijzdschrift 54:78.
Garcia, Z., and Bankowski, R. A., 1981, Comparison of a tissue-culture virus-neutralization test and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measurement of antibodies to infectious bronchitis, Avian Dis.25:121.
Gelb Jr., J., Wolff, J. B., and Moran, C. A., 1991, Variant serotypes of infectious bronchitis virus isolated from commercial layer and broiler chickens, Avian Dis.35:82.
Hawkes, R. A., Darbyshire, J. H., Peters, R. W., Mockett, A. P. A., and Cavanagh, D., 1983, Presence of viral antigens and antibody in the trachea of chickens infected with avian infectious bronchitis virus, Avian Pathol.12:331.
Hofstad, M. S., and Yoder, H. W., 1966, Avian infectious bronchitis—virus distribution in tissues of chicks, Avian Dis.10:230.
Holmes, H. C., 1977, A study of the local immune response of the chicken to viruses causing respiratory diseases, Ph.D. thesis, University of Surrey.
Hopkins, S. R., 1974, Serological comparisons of strains of infectious bronchitis virus using plaque-purified isolants, Avian Dis.18:231.
Ignjatovic, J., and Galli, L., 1993, Immune responses to structural proteins of avian infectious bronchitis virus, in: Avian Immunology in Progress (Les Colloques, No. 62). (INRA, Paris, F. Coudert, ed.), pp. 237–242, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Paris.
Ignjatovic, J., and McWaters, P. G., 1991, Monoclonal antibodies to three structural proteins of avian infectious bronchitis virus: Characterization of epitopes and antigenic differentiation of Australian strains, J. Gen. Virol.72:2915.
Ignjatovic, J., Mc Waters, P. G., and Galli, L., 1991, Antigenic relationship of Australian infectious bronchitis viruses: Analysis using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies, in: Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Infectious Bronchitis (E. F. Kaleta and U. Heffels-Redmann, eds.), pp. 161–167, Rauischholzhausen, West Germany.
Jackwood, M. W., Kwon, H. M., and Hilt, D. A., 1992, Infectious bronchitis virus detection in allantoic fluid using the polymerase chain reaction and a DNA probe, Avian Dis.36:403.
Jimenez, G., Correa, I., Melgosa, M. P., Bullido, M. J., and Enjuanes, L., 1986, Critical epitopes in transmissible gastroenteritis virus neutralization, J. Virol.60:131.
Johnson, R. B., Marquardt, W. W., and Newman, J. A., 1973, A new serotype of infectious bronchitis virus responsible for respiratory disease in Arkansas broiler flocks, Avian Dis.17:518.
Jones, R. C., and Ambali, A. G., 1987, Re-excretion of an enterotropic infectious bronchitis virus by hens at point of lay after experimental infection at day-old, Vet. Rec.120:617.
Jones, R. C., and Jordan, F. T. W., 1970, The exposure of day-old chicks to infectious bronchitis and the subsequent development of the oviduct, Vet. Rec.87:504.
Jordan, F. T. W., 1972, The epidemiology of disease of multiple aetiology: The avian respiratory disease complex, Vet. Rec.90:556.
Jungherr, E. L., Chomiak, T. W., and Luginbuhl, R. E., 1956, Immunologic differences in strains of infectious bronchitis virus, in: Proceedings of 60th Annual Meeting of U.S. Livestock Sanitary Association, pp. 203–209, Chicago.
Kaleta, E. P., and Heffels-Redmann, U., eds., 1988, Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Infectious Bronchitis. Rauischholzhausen, Germany.
Kaleta, E. F., and Heffels-Redmann, U., eds., 1991, Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Infectious Bronchitis. Rauischholzhausen, Germany.
Kant, A., Koch, G., van Roozelaar, D. J., Küsters, J. G., Poelwijk, F. A. J., and van der Zeijst, B. A. M., 1992, Location of antigenic sites defined by neutralising monoclonal antibodies on the SI avian infectious bronchitis virus glycopolypeptide, J. Gen. Virol.73:591.
Karaca, K., and Naqi, S., 1993, A monoclonal antibody-blocking ELISA to detect serotype-specific infectious bronchitis virus antibodies, Vet. Microbiol.34:249.
Karaca, K., Naqi, S., and Gelb, J., 1992, Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to three infectious bronchitis virus serotypes, Avian Dis.36:903.
Kinde, H., Daft, B. M., Castro, A. E., Bickford, A. A., Gelb, J., and Reynolds, B., 1991, Viral pathogenesis of a nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus isolated from commercial pullets, Avian Dis.35:415.
King, D. J., and Cavanagh, D., 1991, Infectious bronchitis, in: Diseases of Poultry (B. W. Calnek, H. J. Barnes, C. W. Beard, W. M. Reid, and H. W. Yoder, eds.), 9th ed. pp. 471–484, Iowa State University Press, Ames.
Koch, G., and Kant, A., 1990, Binding of antibodies that strongly neutralize infectious bronchitis virus is dependent on the glycosylation of the viral peplomer protein, in: Coronaviruses and Their Diseases (D. Cavanagh and T. D. K. Brown, eds.), pp. 143–150, Plenum Press, New York.
Koch, G., Hartog, L., Kant, A., and van Roozelaar, D. J., 1990, Antigenic domains on the peplomer protein of avian infectious bronchitis virus: Correlation with biological functions, J. Gen. Virol.71:1925.
Küsters, J. G., Niesters, H. G. M., Bleumink-Pluym, N. M. C., Davelaar, F. G., Horzinek, M. C., and van der Zeijst, B. A. M., 1987, Molecular epidemiology of infectious bronchitis virus in the Netherlands, J. Gen. Virol.68:343.
Küsters, J. G., Niesters, H. G. M., Lenstra, J. A., Horzinek, M. C., and van der Zeijst, B. A. M., 1989, Phylogeny of antigenic variants of avian Coronavirus IBV, Virology 169:217.
Kwon, H. M., Jackwood, M. W., and Gelb, J., 1993a, Differentiation of infectious bronchitis virus serotypes using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, Avian Dis.37:194.
Kwon, H. M., Jackwood, M. W., Brown, T. P., and Hilt, D. A., 1993b, Polymerase chain reaction and a biotin-labelled DNA probe for detection of infectious bronchitis virus in chickens, Avian Dis.37:149.
Lambrechts, C., Pensaert, M., and Ducatelle, R., 1993, Challenge experiments to evaluate cross-protection induced at the trachea and kidney level by vaccine strains and Belgian nephropathogenic isolates of avian infectious bronchitis virus, Avian Pathol.22:577.
Lin, Z., Kato, A., Kudou, Y., and Ueda, S., 1991a, A new typing method for the avian infectious bronchitis virus using polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme fragment length polymorphism, Arch. Virol.116:19.
Lin, Z., Kato, A., Kudou, Y., Umeda, K., and Ueda, S., 1991b, Typing of recent infectious bronchitis virus isolates causing nephritis in chicken, Arch. Virol.120:145.
Lister, S. A., Beer, J. V., Gough, R. E., Holmes, R. G., Jones, J. M. W., and Orton, R. G., 1985, Outbreaks of nephritis in pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) with a possible Coronavirus aetiology, Vet. Rec.117:612.
Lütticken, D., Rijke, E. O., Loeffen, T., and Hesselink, W. G., 1988, Aspects of local immune response to IBV, in: Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Infectious Bronchitis (E. F. Kaleta and U. Heffels-Redmann, eds.), pp. 173–181, Rauischholzhausen, West Germany.
MacDonald, J. W., Dagless, M. D., McMartin, D. A., Randall, C. J., Pattison, M., Early, J. L., and Aubrey, S., 1982, Field observations on serological responses to vaccine strains of infectious bronchitis virus administered by coarse spray and via the drinking water, Avian Pathol.11:537.
Martins, N. R. da Silva, Mockett, A. P. A., Barrett, A. D. T., and Cook, J. K. A., 1991, IgM responses in chicken serum to live and inactivated infectious bronchitis virus vaccines, Avian Dis.35:470.
Mockett, A. P. A., 1985, Envelope proteins of avian infectious bronchitis virus: Purification and biological properties, J. Virol. Methods 12:271.
Mockett, A. P. A., and Cook, J. K. A., 1986, The detection of specific IgM to infectious bronchitis virus in chicken serum using an ELISA, Avian Pathol.15:437.
Mockett, A. P. A., and Darbyshire, J. H., 1981, Comparative studies with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for antibodies to avian infectious bronchitis virus, Avian Pathol.10:1.
Mockett, A. P. A., Cavanagh, D., and Brown, T. D. K., 1984, Monoclonal antibodies to the SI spike and membrane proteins of avian infectious bronchitis Coronavirus strain Massachusetts M41, J. Gen. Virol.65:2281.
Mockett, A. P. A., Cook, J. K. A., and Huggins, M. B., 1987, Maternally derived antibody to infectious bronchitis virus: Its detection in chick trachea and serum and its role in protection, Avian Pathol.16:407.
Nakamura, K., Cook, J. K. A., Otsuki, K., Huggins, M. B., and Frazier, J. A., 1991, Comparative study of respiratory lesions in two chicken lines of different susceptibility infected with infectious bronchitis virus: Histology, ultrastructure and immunohistochemistry, Avian Pathol.20:241.
Nakamura, K., Cook, I. K. A., Frazier, J. A., and Narita, M., 1992, Escherichia coli multiplication and lesions in the respiratory tract of chickens inoculated with infectious bronchitis virus andor E. coli, Avian Dis.36:881.
Naqi, S. A., 1990, A monoclonal antibody-based immunoperoxidase procedure for rapid detection of infectious bronchitis virus in infected tissues, Avian Dis.34:893.
Naqi, S. A., Karaca, K., and Bauman, B., 1993, A monoclonal antibody-based antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for identification of infectious bronchitis virus serotypes, Avian Pathol.22:555.
Nauwynck, H., and Pensaert, M., 1988, Studies on the pathogenesis of infections with a nephro-pathogenic variant of infectious bronchitis virus in chickens, in: Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Infectious Bronchitis (E. F. Kaleta and U. Heffels-Redmann, eds.), pp. 113–119, Rauischholzhausen, West Germany.
Otsuki, K., 1988, Epidemiology of avian infectious bronchitis in Japan, in: Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Infectious Bronchitis (E. F. Kaleta and U. Heffels-Redmann, eds.), pp. 76–83, Rauischholzhausen, West Germany.
Otsuki, K., Yamamoto, H., and Tsubokura, M., 1979, Studies on avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) 1. Resistance of IBV to chemical and physical treatments, Arch. Virol.60:25.
Otsuki, K., Huggins, M. B., and Cook, J. K. A., 1990, Comparison of the susceptibility to avian infectious bronchitis virus infection of two inbred lines of White Leghorn chickens, Avian Pathol.19:467.
Owen, R. L., Cowen, B. S., Hattel, A. L., Naqi, S. A., and Wilson, R. A., 1991, Detection of viral antigen following exposure of one-day-old chickens to the Holland 52 strain of infectious bronchitis virus, Avian Pathol.20:663.
Parsons, D., Ellis, M. M., Cavanagh, D., and Cook, J. K. A., 1992, Characterisation of an infectious bronchitis virus isolated from vaccinated broiler breeder flocks, Vet. Rec.131:408.
Pensaert, M., and Lambrechts, C., 1994, Vaccination of chickens against a Belgian nephropatho-genic strain of infectious bronchitis virus B1648 using attenuated homologous and heterologous strains, Avian Pathology 23:631.
Picault, J. P., Drouin, P., Guittet, M., Bennejean, G., Protais, J., L’Hospitalier, R., Gillet, J. P., Lamande, J., and Le Bachelier, A., 1986, Isolation, characterisation and preliminary cross-protection studies with a new pathogenic avian infectious bronchitis virus (strain PL-84084), Avian Pathol.15:367.
Picault, J. P., Duée, J. P, Gillet, J. P., Cook, J. K. A., Guittet, M., Bennejean, G., and Lamande, J., 1987, Etude d’un noveau Coronavirus néphropathogène (CR-84221) isolé chez des poulets et des poules dans le nord de la France, Recueil Méd. Vét.163:269.
Purchase, H. G., Cunningham, C. H., and Burmester, B. R., 1966, Genetic differences among chicken embryos in response to inoculation with an isolate of infectious bronchitis virus, Avian Dis.10:162.
Schultze, B., Cavanagh, D., and Herrler, G., 1992, Neuraminidase treatment of avian infectious bronchitis Coronavirus reveals a haemagglutinating activity that is dependent on sialic acid-containing receptors on erythrocytes, Virology 189:792.
Smith, H. W., Cook, J. K. A., and Parsell, Z. E., 1985, The experimental infection of chickens with mixtures of infectious bronchitis virus and Escherichia coli, J. Gen. Virol.66:777.
Spackman, D., and Cameron, I. R. D., 1983, Isolation of infectious bronchitis virus from pheasants, Vet. Rec.113:354.
Springer, W. T., Luskus, C., and Pourciau, S. S., 1974, Infectious bronchitis and mixed infections of Mycoplasma synoviae and Escherichia coli in gnotobiotic chickens. 1. Synergistic role in the airsacculitis syndrome, Infect. Immun.10:578.
Timms, L. M., and Bracewell, C. D., 1981, Cell mediated and humoral immune response of chickens to live infectious bronchitis vaccines, Res. Vet. Sci.31:182.
Timms, L. M., Bracewell, C. D., and Alexander, D. J., 1980, Cell mediated and humoral immune response in chickens infected with avian infectious bronchitis, Br. Vet. J.136:349.
Tomley, F. M., Mockett, A. P. A., Boursnell, M. E. G., Binns, M. M., Cook, J. K. A., Brown, T. D. K., and Smith, G. L., 1987, Expression of the infectious bronchitis virus spike protein by recombinant vaccinia virus and induction of neutralising antibodies in vaccinated mice, J. Gen. Virol.68:2291.
Vindevogel, H., Gouffaux, M., and Duchatel, J. P. 1976, Resistance in the pigeon to avian infectious bronchitis virus, Ann. Med. Vet.120:45.
Wang, L., Junker, D., and Collisson, E. W., 1993, Evidence of natural recombination within the SI gene of infectious bronchitis virus, Virology 192:710.
Weisman, Y., Aronovici, A., and Malkinson, M., 1987, Prevalence of IBV antibodies in turkey breeding flocks in Israel, Vet. Rec.120:94.
Yagyu, K., and Ohta, S., 1990, Detection of infectious bronchitis virus antigen from experimentally infected chickens by indirect immunofluorescent assay with monoclonal antibody, Avian Dis.34:246.
Zanella, A., 1988, Avian infectious bronchitis: Properties and application of attenuated vaccine prepared with nephropathogenic strain AZ-23/74, in: Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Infectious Bronchitis (E. F. Kaleta and U. Heffels-Redmann, eds.), pp. 335–342, Rauischholzhausen, West Germany.
Zanella, A., Marchi, R., Mellano, D., and Ponti, W., 1988, Avian infectious bronchitis: Nephropathogenic and respiratory virus isolates and their spreading in Italy, in: Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Infectious Bronchitis (E. F. Kaleta and U. Heffels-Redmann, eds.), pp. 245–255, Rauischholzhausen, West Germany.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1995 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Cook, J.K.A., Mockett, A.P.A. (1995). Epidemiology of Infectious Bronchitis Virus. In: Siddell, S.G. (eds) The Coronaviridae. The Viruses. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1531-3_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1531-3_15
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-1533-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-1531-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive