Skip to main content

Anatomy, Antinomies, and the Problem of Anthropoid Origins

  • Chapter

Part of the book series: Advances in Primatology ((AIPR))

Abstract

At the moment, nearly all students of primate evolution agree that modern anthropoids comprise a holophyletic clade with respect to other living primates, i.e., that there was once a single species from which all anthropoids, and no other extant animals, are descended. The 1992 conference at Duke University upon which this volume is based demonstrated that there is not much current agreement on other points concerning anthropoid origins, no matter whether cladistic questions (which primates are the phyletic sister group of the Anthropoidea?) or gradistic questions (which characteristic traits of modern anthropoids did the ancestral anthropoid species possess?) are at issue.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   259.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Baba, M. L., Weiss, M. L., Goodman, M., and Gzelusniak, J. 1982. The case of tarsier hemoglobin. Syst. Zool. 31:156–165.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beard, J. M., and Goodman, M. 1976. The hemoglobins oïTarsius bancanus. In: M. Goodman and R. E. Tashian (eds), Molecular Anthropology, pp. 239–255. Plenum Press, New York.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Gartmill, M. 1972. Arboreal adaptations and the origin of the order Primates. In: R. H. Puttie (ed.), The Functional and Evolutionary Biology of Primates, pp. 97–122. Aldine-Atherton, GhiCago

    Google Scholar 

  • Gartmill, M. 1975. Strepsirhine basicranial structures and the affinities of the Gheirogaleidae. In: W. P. Luckett and F. S. Szalay (eds.), Phytogeny of the Primates: A Mult id iscipli nary Approach, pp. 313–354. Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gartmill, M. 1980. Morphology, function, and evolution of the anthropoid postorbital septum. In: R. L. Giochon and A. B. Ghiarelli (eds.), Evolutionary Biology of the New World Monkeys and Continental Drift, pp. 243–274. Plenum Press, New York.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Gartmill, M. 1982. Assessing tarsier affinities: Is anatomical description phylogenetically neutral? Geobios Mem. Spec. 6:279–287.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gartmill, M. 1992. Homology as a morphological concept. Am. J. Phys. Anthrop. [Suppl.] 14:57–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gartmill, M. 1994. A critique of homology as a morphological concept. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 94:115–123.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gartmill, M., and Kay, R. F. 1978. Granio-dental morphology, tarsier affinities, and primate sub-orders. In: D.J. Ghivers and K. A. Joysey (eds.), Recent Advances in Primatology, Vol. 3, pp. 205–214. Academic Press, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gartmill, M., MacPhee, R. D. E., and Simons, E. L. 1981. Anatomy of the temporal bone in early anthropoids, with remarks on the problem of anthropoid origins. Am. J. Phys. Anthrop. 56:3–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gave, A.J. E. 1967. Observations on the platyrrhine nasal fossa. Am. J. Phys. Anthrop. 26:277–288.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Govert, H. H., and Williams, B. A. 1991. The anterior lower dentition of Washakius insignis and adapid-anthropoidean affinities. J. Hum. Evol. 21:463–467.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gzelusniak, J., Koop, B., Tagle, D., Shoshani, H., Goodman, M., Braunitzer, G., Kleinschmidt, T. de Jong, W. W., and Matsuda, G. 1988. Perspectives from amino acid and nucleotide sequences on cladistic relationships among higher taxa of Eutheria. In: H. H. Genoways (ed.), Current Mammalogy, pp. 545–572. Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dagosto, M. 1985. The distal tibia of primates with special reference to the Omomyidae. Int. J. Primatol. 6:45–75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dagosto, M. 1988. Implications of postcranial evidence for the origin of euprimates. J. Hum. Evol. 17:35–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • de Jong, W. W., and Goodman, M. 1988. Anthropoid affinities of Tarsius supported by lens alpha- A crystallin sequences. J. Hum. Evol. 17:575–582.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elliot, O., Yess, N.J., and Hegsted, D. M. 1966. Biosynthesis of ascorbic acid in the tree shrew and slow loris. Nature 212:739–740.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gingerich, P. D. 1977. Radiation of Eocene Adapidae in Europe. Geobios, Mem. spec. 1:165–182.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gingerich, P. D. 1978. Phylogeny reconstruction and the phylogenetic position of Tars his. In: D. J. Ghivers and K. A. Joysey (eds), Recent Advances in Primatology, Vol 3. , pp. 249–256. Academic Press, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gingerich, P. D. 1981. Early Genozoic Omomyidae and the evolutionary history of the tarsiiform primates. J. Hum. Evol. 10:345–374.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gingerich, P. D. 1984. Primate evolution: Evidence from the fossil record, comparative morphology, and evolutionary biology. Yearb. Phys. Anthropol. 27:57–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haines, R. W. 1950. The interorbital septum in mammals. J. Linn. Soc. Land. (Zool). 41:585–607.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Healy, K. C. 1992. Chromosome Bandingas a Source of Phylogenese Informat ion: A Critique Based on the Case of Tarsius. Ph.D. dissertation, Duke University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hubrecht, A. A. W. 1897. The Descent of the Primates. Charles Scribner’s Sons, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kampen, P. N. van. 1905. Die Tympanalgegend des Säugetierschädels. Ceg. Morph. Jahrb. 34:321–722.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koop, B. F., Tagle, D. A., Goodman, M., and Slighton, J. L. 1989a. A molecular view of primate phylogeny and important systematic and evolutionary questions. Mol. Biol. Evol. 6:580–612.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koop, B. F., Siemieniak, D., Slighton, J. L., Goodman, M., Dunbar, J., Wright, P. C., and Simons, E. L. 1989b. Tarsius ß- and 8-globin genes: Conversions, evolution, and systematic implications. J. Biol. Chem. 264:68–79.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Euckett, W. P. 1975. Ontogeny of the fetal membranes and placenta: Their bearing on primate phylogeny. In: W. P. Luckett and F. S. Szalay (eds.), Phytogeny of the Primates: A Multidisciplin-ary Approach, pp. 157–182. Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Euckett, W. P. 1976. Gladistic relationships among primate higher categories: Evidence of the fetal membranes and placenta. Fol. Primatolol. 25:245–276.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MacPhee, R. D. E., and Cartmill, M. 1986. Basicranial structures and primate systematics. In: D. R. Swindler and J. Erwin (eds.), Comparative Primate Biology, Vol. 1, pp. 219–276. Alan R. Eiss, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, R. D. 1973. Comparative anatomy and primate systematics. Symp. Zool. Soc. Loud. 33:301–337.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, R. D. 1990. Primate Origins and Evolution: A Phylogenetic Reconstruction. Princeton University Press, Princeton.

    Google Scholar 

  • McGrath, P., and Mills, P. 1984. Atlas of Sectional Anatomy: Head, Neck, and Trunk. Karger, Basel.

    Google Scholar 

  • Packer, D., and Sarmiento, E. E. 1984. External and middle ear characteristics of primates with reference to tarsier—anthropoid affinities. Am. Mus. Novit. 2787:1–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pettigrew, J. D., Jamieson, B. G. M., Robson, S. K., Hall, E. S., McNally, K. E, and Cooper, H. M. 1989. Phylogenetic relations between microbats, megabats and primates (Mammalia: Chirop-tera and Primates). Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Loud. [B] 325:489–559.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pocock, R. I. 1918. On the external characters of the Lemurs and of Tarsius. Proc. Zool. Soc. Loud. 1918:19–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pollock, J. E, and Mullin, R. J. 1987. Vitamin C biosynthesis in prosimians: Evidence for the anthropoid affinity of Tarsius. Am. J. Phys. Anthrop. 73:65–70.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Poorman, P. A., Cartmill, M., MacPhee, R. D. E., and Moses, M. 1985. The banded karyotype of Tarsius bancanus and its implications for primate phylogeny. Am. J. Phys. Anthrop. 66:215.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rasmussen, D. T. 1986. Anthropoid origins: A possible solution to the Adapidae-Omomyidae paradox. J. Hum. Evol. 15:1–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenberger, A. E. 1985. In favor of the necrolemur-tarsier hypothesis. Fol. Primatol. 45:179–194.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenberger, A. L., and Strasser, E. 1985. Toothcomb origins: Support for the grooming hypothesis. Primates 26:73–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenberger, A. E., and Szalay, F. S. 1980. On the tarsiiform origins of Anthropoidea. In: R. L. Ciochon and A. B. Chiarelli (eds.), Evolutionary Biology of the New World Monkeys and Continental Drift, pp. 139–157. Plenum Press, New York.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Schoch, R. M. 1986. Phylogeny Reconstruction in Paleontology. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, J. H. 1978. It’Tarsius is not a prosimian, is it a haplorhine? In: D.J. Chivers and K. A. Joysey (eds), Recent Advances in Primatology, Vol. 3, pp. 195–204. Academic Press, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, J. H., and Eattersall, I. 1987. Tarsiers, adapids and the integrity of Strepsirhini. J. Hum. Evol. 16:23–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simons, E. L. 1989. Description of two genera and species of late Eocene Anthropoidea from Egypt. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:9956–9960.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simons, E. L. 1990. Discovery of the oldest known anthropoidean skull from the Paleogene of Egypt. Science 247:1567–1569.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simons, E. L. 1992. Diversity in the early Tertiary anthropoidean radiation in Africa. Fror. Natl. Acad. Sri, USA 89:10743–10747.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simons, E. L., and Rasmussen, D. T. 1989. Kranial morphology ol Aegyptopithecus and Tarsias and the question of the tarsier—anthropoid clade. Am. J. Phys. Anthrop. 79:1–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simons, E. L., and Russell, D. E. 1960. Notes on the cranial anatomy of Necrolemur Mus. Clomp. Zool. Brev. 127:1–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simpson, G. G. 1945. Ehe principles of classification and a classification of mammals. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 85:1–350.

    Google Scholar 

  • Szalay, F. S. 1975. Phylogeny of primate higher taxa: The basicranial evidence. In: W. P. Luckett and F. S. Szalay (eds.), Phylogeny of the Primates: A Multidisciplinary Approach., pp. 91–125. Plenum Press, New York.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Szalay, F. S., Rosenberger, A. E., and Dagosto, M. 1987. Diagnosis and differentiation of the order Primates. Yearb. Phys. Anthrop. 30:75–105.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tattersall, I., 1973, Cranial anatomy of the Archaeolemurinae (Eemuroidea, Primates). Authropol. Papers Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 52:1–110.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wible, J. R. 1984. The Ontogeny and Phylogeny of the Mammalian Cranial Arterial Pattern. Ph.D. dissertation, Duke University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yoder, A. D. 1992. The Phylogenese affinities of the Cheirogaleidae: A Molecular and Morphological Analysis. Ph.D. dissertation, Duke University.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Cartmill, M. (1994). Anatomy, Antinomies, and the Problem of Anthropoid Origins. In: Fleagle, J.G., Kay, R.F. (eds) Anthropoid Origins. Advances in Primatology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9197-6_16

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9197-6_16

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-9199-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-9197-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics