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White Matter Injury in Global Cerebral Ischemia

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White Matter Injury in Stroke and CNS Disease

Part of the book series: Springer Series in Translational Stroke Research ((SSTSR,volume 4))

Abstract

In chronic cerebral hypoperfusion due to aging, global cerebral ischemia after cardiac arrest, acute and chronic hypoxia in asymptomatic stroke, and diffuse axonal injury after traumatic brain injury, white matter lesions occur not only as a result of secondary degeneration caused by neuronal injuries in the gray matter, but also as a direct consequence of the primary ischemic insults. Not enough attention has been directed to the molecular and cellular mechanisms of white matter injuries in humans. Failures in past stroke therapyclinical trials are partly attributed to misrepresentation of the relevance of white matter to human brain pathology in the preclinical data. Most rodent models either ignore white matter's contribution to the injury process and recovery, or inadequately account for this contribution due to a significantly lower proportion of white matter in the rodent brain compared to the human brain. Future development of effective therapies should place an equal emphasis on gray and white matter injuries.

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Acknowledgment

  The authors would like to acknowledge the support from the National Institutes of Health (R01NS036124) and from the Department of Anesthesiology at the University of Pittsburgh.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kinki University, Osaka, Japan

    Shinichi Nakao M.D., Ph.D.

  2. Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 2048 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA

    Yan Xu Ph.D.

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  1. Shinichi Nakao M.D., Ph.D.
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  2. Yan Xu Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Yan Xu Ph.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA

    Selva Baltan

  2. Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA

    S. Thomas Carmichael

  3. Departamento de Neurociencias, Achucarro Basque Centger for Neuroscience, University del Pais Vasco (UPV/EHU), and Centro de, Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Leioa, Spain

    Carlos Matute

  4. University of Michigan Dept. Neurosurgery, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

    Guohua Xi

  5. Dept. Pharmacology Dept. Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University Dept. Physiology, Loma Linda, California, USA

    John H Zhang

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Nakao, S., Xu, Y. (2014). White Matter Injury in Global Cerebral Ischemia. In: Baltan, S., Carmichael, S., Matute, C., Xi, G., Zhang, J. (eds) White Matter Injury in Stroke and CNS Disease. Springer Series in Translational Stroke Research, vol 4. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9123-1_9

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