Abstract
The speed and transformative power of human cultural evolution is evident from the change it has wrought on our planet. This chapter proposes a human computation program aimed at (1) distinguishing algorithmic from non-algorithmic components of cultural evolution, (2) computationally modeling the algorithmic components, and amassing human solutions to the non-algorithmic (generally, creative) components, and (3) combining the two to develop human-machine hybrids with previously unforeseen computational power that can be used to solve real problems. Drawing on recent insights into the origins of evolutionary processes from biology and complexity theory, human minds are modeled as self-organizing, interacting, autopoietic networks that evolve through a Lamarckian (non-Darwinian) process of communal exchange. Existing computational models as well as directions for future research are discussed.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Cultural algorithm is abbreviated CAL because CA customarily refers to cellular automaton.
References
Aerts D (2009) Quantum structure in cognition. J Math Psychol 53:314–348
Aerts, D., Aerts, S., & Gabora, L. (2009). Experimental evidence for quantum structure in cognition. In: P. Bruza, W. Lawless, K. van Rijsbergen, & D. Sofge (Eds.) Lecture Notes in Computer Science: Quantum Interaction (pp. 59–79). Berlin: Springer
Aerts D, Gabora L, Sozzo S (in press) How concepts combine: a quantum theoretic model. Topics in Cognitive Science
Aerts D, Gabora L (2005a) A state-context-property model of concepts and their combinations I: the structure of the sets of contexts and properties. Kybernetes 34(1&2):151–175
Aerts D, Gabora L (2005b) A state-context-property model of concepts and their combinations II: a Hilbert space representation. Kybernetes 34(1&2):176–205
Aerts D, Aerts S, Gabora L (2009a) Experimental evidence for quantum structure in cognition. In: Bruza P, Lawless W, van Rijsbergen K, Sofge D (eds) Proceedings of the third international conference on quantum interaction. German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence, Saarbruken, pp 59–70
Aerts D, Czachor M, De Moor B (2009b) Geometric analogue of holographic reduced representation. J Math Psychol 53:389–398
Aerts D, Broekaert J Gabora L, Veloz T (2012) The guppy effect as interference. In: Proceedings of the sixth international symposium on quantum interaction, Paris, 27–29 June
Atran S (2001) The trouble with memes: inference versus imitation in cultural creation. Hum Nat 12:351–381
Bentley PD, Corne D (eds) (2002) Creative evolutionary systems. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco
Bentley RA, Hahn MW, Shennan SJ (2004) Random drift and cultural change. Proc R Soc Br Biol Sci 271:1143–1450
Boden MA (1990/2004) The creative mind: Myths and mechanisms, 2nd edn. Routledge, London
Boyd R, Richerson P (1985) Culture and the evolutionary process. University Chicago Press, Chicago
Boyd R, Richerson P (2005) The origin and evolution of cultures. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Cavalli-Sforza LL, Feldman MW (1981) Cultural transmission and evolution: a quantitative approach. Princeton University Press, Princeton
Dantzing SV, Raffone A, Hommel B (2011) Acquiring contextualized concepts: a connectionist approach. Cogn Sci 25:1162–1189
Dawkins R (1976) The selfish gene. Oxford University Press, Oxford
DiPaola S, Gabora L (2009) Incorporating characteristics of human creativity into an evolutionary art algorithm. Genet Program Evolvable Mach 10(2):97–110
Dittrich P, Speroni di Fenizio P (2008) Chemical organization theory. Bull Math Biol 69:1199–1231
Dittrich P, Winter L (2007) Chemical organizations in a toy model of the political system. Adv Complex Syst 1(4):609–627
Dittrich P, Ziegler J, Banzhaf W (2001) Artificial chemistries—a review. Artif Life 7(3):225–275
Donald M (1991) Origins of the modern mind. Harvard University Press, Cambridge
Durham W (1991) Coevolution: genes, culture, and human diversity. Stanford University Press, Stanford
Eliasmith C, Thagard P (2001) Integrating structure and meaning: a distributed model of analogical mapping. Cogn Sci 25:245–286
Fracchia J, Lewontin RC (1999) Does culture evolve? Hist Theory 38:52–78
Gabora L (1995) Meme and variations: a computer model of cultural evolution. In: Nadel L, Stein D (eds) 1993 lectures in complex systems. Addison-Wesley, Boston, pp 471–486
Gabora L (1996) A day in the life of a meme. Philosophica 57:901–938
Gabora L (1998) Autocatalytic closure in a cognitive system: a tentative scenario for the origin of culture. Psycoloquy 9(67) [adap-org/9901002]
Gabora, L. (2000). Conceptual closure: Weaving memories into an interconnected worldview. In (G. Van de Vijver & J. Chandler, Eds.) Closure: Emergent Organizations and their Dynamics. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 901, 42–53
Gabora, L. (2001). Cognitive mechanisms underlying the origin and evolution of culture. Doctoral Dissertation, Free University of Brussels
Gabora L (2003) Contextual focus: a cognitive explanation for the cultural transition of the middle/upper Paleolithic. In: Alterman R, Hirsch D (eds) Proceedings of the 25th annual meeting of the cognitive science society. Lawrence Erlbaum, Boston, pp 432–437
Gabora, L. (2004). Ideas are not replicators but minds are. Biology & Philosophy, 19(1), 127–143
Gabora L (2006a) The fate of evolutionary archaeology: survival or extinction? World Archaeol 38(4):690–696
Gabora L (2006b) Self-other organization: why early life did not evolve through natural selection. J Theor Biol 241(3):443–250
Gabora L (2008a) The cultural evolution of socially situated cognition. Cogn Syst Res 9(1):104–113
Gabora, L. (2008b). EVOC: A computer model of the evolution of culture. In V. Sloutsky, B. Love & K. McRae (Eds.), 30th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society. July 23–26, Washington DC (pp. 1466–1471). North Salt Lake, UT: Sheridan Publishing
Gabora, L. (2008c). Modeling cultural dynamics. Proceedings of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI) Fall Symposium 1: Adaptive Agents in a Cultural Context,. Nov 7-9, The Westin Arlington Gateway, Arlington VA, (pp. 18–25). Menlo Park, CA: AAAI Press
Gabora, L. (2010). Recognizability of creative style within and across domains: Preliminary studies. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 2350–2355). August 11–14, Portland, OR
Gabora L (2011) Five clarifications about cultural evolution. J Cogn Cult 11:61–83
Gabora, L. (2013). An evolutionary framework for culture: Selectionism versus communal exchange. Physics of Life Reviews, 10(2), 117–145
Gabora L, Aerts D (2002) Contextualizing concepts. In: Proceedings of the 15th international FLAIRS conference (special track ‘Categorization and concept representation: models and implications’, Pensacola Florida, American Association for Artificial Intelligence, pp 148–152, 14–17 May
Gabora L, Aerts D (2002b) Contextualizing concepts using a mathematical generalization of the quantum formalism. J Exp Theor Artif Intell 14(4):327–358
Gabora L, Aerts D (2005) Evolution as context-driven actualization of potential: toward an interdisciplinary theory of change of state. Interdiscip Sci Rev 30(1):69–88
Gabora, L., & Aerts, D. (2008). A cross-disciplinary framework for the description of contextually mediated change. In (I. Licata & A. Sakaji, Eds.) Physics of Emergence and Organization, (pp. 109–134). Singapore: World Scientific.
Gabora, L., & Aerts, D. (2009). A model of the emergence and evolution of integrated worldviews. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 53, 434–451
Gabora L, DiPaola S (2012) How did humans become so creative? In: Proceedings of the international conference on computational creativity, Dublin, Ireland, pp 203–210, May 31–June 1
Gabora, L., & Firouzi, H. (2012). Society functions best with an intermediate level of creativity. Proceedings of the 34th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 1578–1583). Held August 1–4, Sapporo Japan. Houston TX: Cognitive Science Society
Gabora, L. & Leijnen, S. (2009). How creative should creators be to optimize the evolution of ideas? A computational model. Electronic Proceedings in Theoretical Computer Science, 9, 108–119
Gabora L, Ranjan A (2013) How insight emerges in distributed, content-addressable memory. In: Bristol A, Vartanian O, Kaufman J (eds) The neuroscience of creativity. MIT Press, New York
Gabora L, Saberi M (2011) How did human creativity arise? An agent-based model of the origin of cumulative open-ended cultural evolution. In: Proceedings of the ACM conference on cognition and creativity, Atlanta, 3–6 November 2011
Gabora L, Leijnen S, Veloz T, Lipo C (2011) A non-phylogenetic conceptual network architecture for organizing classes of material artifacts into cultural lineages. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting Cognition Science Society, Boston, 20–23 July 2011
Gabora L, O’Connor B, Ranjan A (2012) The recognizability of individual creative styles within and across domains. Psychol Aesthet Creativity Arts 6(4):351–360
Gabora, L., & Saab, A. (2011). Creative interference and states of potentiality in analogy problem solving. Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 3506–3511). July 20–23, Boston MA
Gabora, L., Scott, E., & Kauffman, S. (2013). A quantum model of exaptation: Incorporating potentiality into biological theory. Progress in Biophysics & Molecular Biology, 113(1), 108–116
Gagné CL, Spalding TL (2009) Constituent integration during the processing of compound words: does it involve the use of relational structures? J Mem Lang 60:20–35
Goldberg DE, Kuo CH (1987) Genetic algorithms in pipeline optimization. J Comput Civ Eng ASCE 1(2):128–141
Hampton J (1987) Inheritance of attributes in natural concept conjunctions. Mem Cogn 15:55–71
Henderson, M. & Gabora, L. (2013). The recognizability of authenticity. Proceedings of the 35th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 2524–2529). Held July 31–Aug. 3, Berlin. Houston TX: Cognitive Science Society.
Henrich J, Boyd R (1998) The evolution of conformist transmission and the emergence of between-group differences. Evol Hum Behav 19:215–242
Henrich J, Boyd R (2002) On modeling cognition and culture: why replicators are not necessary for cultural evolution. J Cogn Cult 2:87–112
Holland J (1975) Adaptation in natural and artificial systems. MIT Press, Cambridge
Hou ESH, Ansari N, Ren H (1994) A genetic algorithm for multiprocessor scheduling. IEEE Trans Parallel Distrib Syst 5(2):113–120
Kaplan CA, Simon HA (1990) In search of insight. Cogn Psychol 22:374–419
Kauffman S (1993) Origins of order. Oxford University Press, New York
Kitto K, Ramm B, Sitbon L, Bruza PD (2011) Quantum theory beyond the physical: information in context. Axiomathes 12(2):331–345
Koza J (1993) Genetic programming. MIT Press, London
Leijnen S, Gabora L (2010) An agent-based simulation of the effectiveness of creative leadership. In: Proceedings of Annual Meeting Cognitive Science Society. Portland, pp 955–960, 11–14 August 2010
Longo G, Montevil M, Kaufman S (2012) No entailing laws, but enablement in the evolution of the biosphere. In: Proceedings of the fourteenth international conference on genetic and evolutionary computation, pp 1379–1392
O’Brien MJ, Lyman RL (2000) Applying evolutionary archaeology: a systematic approach. Kluwer, Norwell
Ohlsson S (1992) Information-processing explanations of insight and related phenomena. In: Keane MT, Gilhooly KJ (eds) Advances in the psychology of thinking, vol 1. Harvester Wheatsheaf, New York, pp 1–44
Osherson D, Smith E (1981) On the adequacy of prototype theory as a theory of concepts. Cognition 9:35–58
Reynolds RG (1994) An introduction to cultural algorithms. In: Proceedings of the 3rd annual conference of evolutionary programming, World Scientific, River Edge, pp 131–139
Riley, S. & Gabora, L. (2012). Evidence that threatening situations enhance creativity. Proceedings of the 34th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 2234–2239). Held August 1–4, Sapporo Japan. Houston TX: Cognitive Science Society
Runco M (2010) Divergent thinking, creativity, and ideation. In: Kaufman J, Sternberg R (eds) The Cambridge handbook of creativity. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 414–446
Shennan S (2008) Evolution in archaeology. Annu Rev Anthropol 37:75–91
Skoyles JR (2008) Natural selection does not explain cultural rates of change. Proc Natl Acad Sci 105(22):E27–E27
Tëmkin I, Eldredge N (2007) Phylogenetics and material cultural evolution. Curr Anthropol 48:146–153
Thagard P, Stewart TC (2011) The AHA! experience: creativity through emergent binding in neural networks. Cogn Sci 35:1–33
Veloz T, Gabora L, Eyjolfson M, Aerts D (2011) A model of the shifting relationship between concepts and contexts in different modes of thought. In: Proceedings of the fifth international symposium on quantum interaction, Aberdeen, 27 June 2011
Veloz T, Tëmkin I, Gabora L (2012) A conceptual network-based approach to inferring cultural phylogenies. In: Proceedings of the annual meeting of the cognitive science society, Sapporo, 2012
Vetsigian K, Woese C, Goldenfeld N (2006) Collective evolution and the genetic code. Proc Natl Acad Sci 103:10696–10701
Williams RJP, Frausto da Silva JJR (2003) Evolution was chemically constrained. J Theor Biol 220:323–343
Woese CR (2002) On the evolution of cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci 99:8742–8747
Acknowledgements
This research was conducted with the assistance of grants from the National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada, and the Fund for Scientific Research of Flanders, Belgium.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Gabora, L. (2013). Cultural Evolution as Distributed Computation. In: Michelucci, P. (eds) Handbook of Human Computation. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8806-4_34
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8806-4_34
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-8805-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-8806-4
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)