Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Genetic Manipulation of Woody Plants pp 167–184Cite as

Physiology of Bud Induction in Conifers in Vitro

  • Chapter

Part of the book series: Basic Life Sciences ((BLSC,volume 44))

Abstract

Using excised cotyledons of Pinus radiata as an experimental system, it was shown that while cytokinin was required for bud induction, both cytokinin and light were required for subsequent primordium formation. Both ethylene and carbon dioxide stimulated bud formation, and autotrophic and nonautotrophic CO2 fixation took place during shoot initiation. Using histochemical, autoradiographic, and precursor incorporation approaches, it was found that DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis was preferentially in the epidermal and subepidermal cell layers in contact with the medium. In these cell layers organized development occurred. Feeding the tissue with [14C] glucose and [14C] acetate led to the release of 14CO2 and the production of both ethanol-soluble and ethanol-insoluble fractions. Most of the label went into the ethanol-soluble fraction, which was further fractionated into lipids, amino acids, organic acids, and sugars. Further studies with [14C] glucose showed that only some amino acids and organic acids were labeled and that some turnover, particularly in glutamate and malate, occurred during bud initiation. The importance of these data in relation to bud induction is discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Aitken, J., K.J. Horgan, and T.A. Thorpe (1981) Influence of explant selection on the shoot-forming capacity of juvenile tissue of Pinus radiata. Can. J. For. Res. 11:112–117.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Aitken-Christie, J., A.P. Singh, K.J. Horgan, and T.A. Thorpe (1985) Explant developmental state and shoot formation in Pinus radiata cotyledons. Bot. Gaz. 146:196–203.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Bender, L., A. Kumar, and K.H. Neumann (1985) On the photosynthetic system and assimilate metabolism of Daucus and Arachis cell cultures. In Primary and Secondary Metabolism of Plant Cell Cultures, K.H. Neumann, W. Barz, and E. Reinhard, eds. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 24–42.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  4. Bender, L., R.W. Joy IV, and T.A. Thorpe (1987) [14fC]-Glucose metabolism during shoot bud development in cultured cotyledon explants of Pinus radiata. Plant Cell Physiol, (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  5. Bender, L., R.W. Joy IV, and T.A. Thorpe (1987) Studies on [14C]-glucose metabolism during shoot induction in cultured cotyledon explants of Pinus radiata. Physiol. Plant. 69:428–434.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Biondi, S., and T.A. Thorpe (1982) Growth regulator effects, metabolite changes and respiration during shoot initiation in cultured cotyledon explants of Pinus radiata. Bot. Gaz. 143:20–25.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Bornman, C.H. (1983) Possibilities and constraints in the regenerations of trees from cotyledonary needles of Picea abies in vitro. Physiol. Plant. 57:5–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Brown, D.C.W., and T.A. Thorpe (1986) Plant regeneration by organogenesis. In Cell Culture and Somatic Cell Genetics of Plants, Vol. 3, I.K. Vasil, ed. Academic Press, Inc., New York, pp. 49–65.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Chlyah, H. (1974) Formation and propagation of cell division centres in the epidermal layer of internodal segments of Torenia fournieri grown in vitro. Simultaneous surface observations of all the epidermal cells. Can. J. Bot. 52:867–872.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Constabel, F., W.G.W. Kurz, K.B. Chatson, and J.W. Kirkpatrick (1977) Partial synchrony in soybean cell suspension cultures induced by ethylene. J. Cell Res. 105:263–268.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Dalton, C.C., and H.E. Street (1976) The role of the gas phase in the greening and growth of illuminated cell suspension cultures of spinach (Spinacea oleracea L.). In Vitro 12:485–494.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Douglas, T.J., V.M. Villalobos, M.R. Thompson, and T.A. Thorpe (1982) Lipid and pigment changes during shoot initiation in cultured explants of Pinus radiata. Physiol. Plant. 55:470–477.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Hasegawa, P.M., T. Yasuda, and T.Y. Cheng (1979) Effect of auxin and cytokinin on newly synthesized proteins of cultured Douglas fir cotyledons. Physiol. Plant. 46:211–217.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Inze, D., A. Follin, M. Van Lijsebelens, C. Simoens, C. Genetello, M. Van Montague, and J. Schell (1984) Genetic analysis of the individual T-DNA genes of Agrobacterium tumefaciens; further evidence that two genes are involved in indole-3-acetic acid synthesis. Mol. Gen. Genet. 194:265–274.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Kirby, E.G., and M.E. Schalk (1982) Surface structural analysis of cultured cotyledons of Douglas-fir. Can. J. Bot. 60:2729–2733.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Kumar, P.P., D.M. Reid, and T.A. Thorpe (1987) The role of ethylene and carbon dioxide in differentiation of shoot buds in excised cotyledons of Pinus radiata in vitro. Physiol. Plant. 69:244–252.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Obata-Sasamoto, H., V.M. Villalobos, and T.A. Thorpe (1984) 14C-Metabolism in cultured cotyledon explants of radiata pine. Physiol. Plant. 61:490–496.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Patel, K.R., and T.A. Thorpe (1984) Histochemical examination of shoot initiation in cultured cotyledon explants of radiata pine. Bot. Gaz. 145:312–322.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Plumb-Dhindsa, P.L., R.S. Dhindsa, and T.A. Thorpe (1979) Nonautotrophic CO2 fixation during shoot formation in tobacco callus. J. Exp. Bot. 30:759–767.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Reilly, K.J., and J. Washer (1977) Vegetative propagation of radiata pine by tissue culture; plantlet formation from embryonic tissue. New Zealand J. For. Sci. 7:199–206.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Ross, M.K., and T.A. Thorpe (1973) Physiological gradients and shoot initiation in tobacco callus cultures. Plant Cell Physiol. 14:473–480.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Ross, M.K., T.A. Thorpe, and J.W. Costerton (1973) Ultrastructural aspects of shoot initiation in tobacco callus cultures. Am. J. Bot. 60:788–795.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Schell, J., M. Van Montague, M. Holsters, J.P. Hernalsteens, P. Dhaese, H. De Greve, J. Leemans, H. Joos, D. Inzel, L. Willmitzer, L. Otten, A. Wostemeyer, and J. Schroeder (1982) Plant cells transformed by modified Ti plasmids: A model system to study plant development. In Biochemistry of Differentiation and Morphogenesis, L. Jaenicke, ed. Springer-Verlag, Berlin and New York, pp. 65–73.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Skoog, F., and C.O. Miller (1957) Chemical regulation of growth and organ formation in plant tissues cultured in vitro. Symp. Soc. Exp. Biol. 11:118–131.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Stebbins, G.L. (1965) Some relationships between mitotic rhythm, nucleic acid synthesis, and morphogenesis in higher plants. Brookhaven Symp. Biol. 18:204–221.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Street, H.E., and L.A. Withers (1974) The anatomy of embryogenesis in culture. In Tissue Culture and Plant Science, H.E. Street, ed. Academic Press, Inc., London, pp. 71–100.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Syono, K. (1965) Changes in organ forming capacity of carrot root callus during subcultures. Plant Cell Physiol. 6:403–419.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Thorpe, T.A. (1980) Organogenesis in vitro: Structural, physiological and biochemical aspects. Int. Rev. Cytol. (Suppl.) 11A:71–111.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Thorpe, T.A. (1983) Morphogenesis and regeneration in tissue cultures. In Genetic Engineering: Applications to Agriculture, L.D. Owens, ed. Rowman and Allanheld, Totowa, New Jersey, pp. 285–303.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Thorpe, T.A., and S. Biondi (1981) Regulation of plant organogenesis. Adv. Cell Cult. 1:213–239.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Thorpe, T.A., and S. Biondi (1984) Conifers. In Handbook of Plant Cell Culture, Vol. 2, W.R. Sharp, D.A. Evans, P.V. Ammirato, and Y. Yamada, eds. Macmillan Company, Inc., New York, London, pp. 435–470.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Thorpe, T.A., and K.R. Patel (1987) Comparative morpho-histological studies on the rates of shoot initiation in various conifer explants. New Zealand J. For. Sci. (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  33. Villalobos, V.M., D.W.M. Leung, and T.A. Thorpe (1984) Light cytokinin interactions in shoot formation in cultured cotyledon explants of radiata pine. Physiol. Plant. 61:497–504.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Villalobos, V.M., E.C. Yeung, and T.A. Thorpe (1985) Origin of adventitious shoots in excised radiata pine cotyledons cultured in vitro. Can. J. Bot. 63:2172–2176.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Villalobos, V.M., E.C. Yeung, S. Biondi, and T.A. Thorpe (1982) Autoradiographic and ultrastructural examination of shoot initiation in radiata pine cotyledon explants. In Plant Tissue Culture (Proceedings of the Fifth International Congress on Plant Tissue and Cell Culture), A. Fujiwara, ed. Japanese Association for Plant Tissue Culture, Tokyo, pp. 41–42.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Villalobos, V.M., M.J. Oliver, E.C. Yeung, and T.A. Thorpe (1984) Cytokinin-induced switch in development in excised cotyledons of radiata pine cultured in vitro. Physiol. Plant. 61:483–489.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Yasuda, T., P.M. Hasegawa, and T.Y. Cheng (1980) Analysis of newly synthesized proteins during differentiation of cultured Douglas fir cotyledons. Physiol. Plant. 48:83–87.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Yeung, E.C., J. Aitken, S. Biondi, and T.A. Thorpe (1981) Shoot histogenesis in cotyledon explants of radiata pine. Bot. Gaz. 142:494–501.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Physiology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2N 1N4

    Trevor A. Thorpe

Authors
  1. Trevor A. Thorpe
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

    James W. Hanover  & Daniel E. Keathley  & 

  2. Council for Research Planning in Biological Sciences, Inc., Washington, D.C., USA

    Claire M. Wilson  & Gregory Kuny  & 

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1988 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Thorpe, T.A. (1988). Physiology of Bud Induction in Conifers in Vitro. In: Hanover, J.W., Keathley, D.E., Wilson, C.M., Kuny, G. (eds) Genetic Manipulation of Woody Plants. Basic Life Sciences, vol 44. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1661-9_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1661-9_10

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-8922-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-1661-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation