Abstract
The sizes and shapes of six icy Saturnian satellites have been measured from Cassini Imaging Science Subsystem (ISS) data, employing limb coordinates and stereogram-metric control points. Mimas, Enceladus, Tethys, Dione and Rhea are well described by triaxial ellipsoids; Iapetus is best represented by an oblate spheroid. The ISS acquired many high-resolution images (<1 km/pixel) during close flybys of the medium-sized icy Saturnian satellites (Mimas, Enceladus, Tethys, Dione, Rhea, Iapetus, and Phoebe). We combined these images with lower-resolution coverage and a few images taken by Voyager cameras to produce high-resolution mosaics of these satellites. The global mosaics are the baseline for high-resolution atlases. The atlases consist of 15 tiles each for Enceladus, Dione, and Tethys, whereas the Iapetus, Mimas, and Phoebe atlases consist of 3, 1, and 1 tile, respectively. The nomenclature used in these atlases was suggested by the Cassini-ISS team and approved by the International Astronomical Union (IAU). The whole atlases are available to the public through the Imaging Team's website (http://ciclops.org/maps/) and from the Planetary Data System (PDS, http://pds-imaging.jpl.nasa.gov/). Additionally to ISS, the Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) onboard the Cassini spacecraft detected the chemical and physical surface properties of the Saturnian satellites. Multiple VIMS observations were combined into global VIMS maps representing the VIMS coverage achieved during the nominal Cassini mission. Progressed mapping has been done for the satellites Dione, Rhea, and Enceladus.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Baines, K., 1962: Malor's Le Morte d'sArthur. Mentor, New York.
Bates, H., 1929: The Odyssey of Homer. Harper and Brothers, New York.
Batson, R., 1984: Voyager 1 and 2 Atlas of Six Saturnian Satellites. Scientific and Technical Information Branch, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C., http://history.nasa.gov/SP-474/sp474.htmp.
Brown, R.H., Baines, K.H., Bellucci, G., Bibring, J.-P., Burratti, B.J., Bussoletti, E., Capaccioni, F., Cerroni, P., Clark, R.N., Coradini, A., Cruikshank, D.P., Drossart, P., Formisano, V., Jaumann, R., Langevin, Y., Matson, D.L., McCord, T.B., Miller, E., Nelson, R.M., Nicholson, P.D., Sicardy, B., and Sotin, C., 2004: The Cassini Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer Investigation. Space Science Reviews 115, 111–168.
Brown, R.H., Clark, R.N., Buratti, B.J., Cruikshank, D.P., Barens, J.W., Mastrapa, R.M.E., Bauer, J., Newman, S., Momary, T., Baines, K.H., Bellucci, G., Capaccioni, P., Cerroni, P., Combes, M., Cora-dini, A., Drossart, P., Formisano, V., Jaumann, R., Langevin, Y., Matson, D.L., McCord, T.B., Nelson, R.M., Nicholson, P.D., Sicardy, B., and Sotin, C., 2006: Composition and physical properties of Enceladus's surface. Science 311, 1425–1428.
Burton, R., 1900: Alf Laylah Wa Laylah, The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night. Larsen-Harper, Colorado Press, Denver, CO.
Castillo-Rogez, J.C., Matson, D.L., Sotin, C., Johnson, T.V., Lunine, J.I., Thomas, P.C., 2007: Iapetus' geophysics: Rotation rate, shape, and equatorial ridge. Icarus 190, 179–202.
Chandrasekhar, S., 1969: Ellipsoidal Figures of Equilibrium, Yale University Press, New Haven.
Charnoz, S., Brahic, A., Thomas, P.C., and Porco, C.C., 2007: The equatorial ridges of Pan and Atlas: Terminal accretionary ornaments?. Science 318, 1622.
Clark, R.N. and Roush, T.L., 1984: Reflectance spectroscopy: Quantitative analysis techniques for remote sensing applications. J. Geophys. Res. 89, 6329–6340.
Clark, R.N., Swayze, G.A., Livo, K.E., Kokaly, R.F., Sutley, S.J., Dalton, J.B., McDougal, R.R., and Gent, C.A., 2003: Imaging spectroscopy: Earth and planetary remote sensing with the USGS Tetracorder and expert systems. J. Geophys. Res. 108(E12), 5131, doi:10.1029/2002JE001847.
Clark, R., Brown, R.H., Jaumann, R., Cruikshank, D.P., Buratti, B., Baines, K.H., Nelson, R.N., Nicholson P.D., Moore, J.M., Curchin, J., Hoefen, T., and Stephan, K., 2008: Compositional mapping of Saturn's Satellite Dione with Cassini VIMS and implications of dark material in the Saturnian system. Icarus 1933, 72–386.
Davies, M. E. and Katayama, F. Y., 1983a: The control networks of Mimas and Enceladus. Icarus 53, 332–340.
Davies, M.E. and Katayama, F.Y., 1983b: The control networks of Tethys and Dione. Journal of Geophysical Research 88A, 8729–8735.
Davies, M. E. and Katayama, F. Y., 1983c: The control network of Rhea. Icarus 56, 603–610.
Davies, M. E. and Katayama, F. Y., 1984: The control network of Iape-tus. Icarus 59, 199–204.
Dermott, S. F. and Thomas, P.C., 1988: The shape and internal structure of Mimas. Icarus 73, 25–65.
Greeley, R. and Batson, G., 1990: Planetary Mapping. Cambridge University Press.
Jacobson, R.A., Antreasian, P.G., Bordi, J.J., Criddle, K.E., Ionasescu, R., Jones, J.B., Mackenzie, R.A., Pelletier, F.J., Owen, W.M. Jr., Roth, D.C., and Stauch, J.R., 2006: The gravitational field of Saturn and the masses of its major satellites. Astronomical Journal 132, 2520–2526.
Jaumann, R., Stephan, K., Brown, R.H., Buratti, B.J., Clark, R.N., McCord, T.B., Coradini, A., Capaccioni, P., Filacchione, G., Cerroni, P., Baines, K.H., Bellucci, G., Bibring, J.P., Combes, M., Cruikshank, D.P., Drossart, P., Formisano, V., Langevin, Y., Matson, D.L., Nelson, R.M., Nicholson, P.D., Sicardy, B., Sotin, C., Soderblom, L.A., Griffith, C., Matz, K.D., Roatsch, T., Scholten, F., and Porco, C.C., 2006: High-resolution Cassini-VIMS mosaics of Titan and the icy Saturnian satellites. Planetary and Space Science 54, 1146–1155.
Jaumann, R., Stephan, K., Hansen, G.B., Clark, R.N., Buratti, B.J., Brown, R.H., Baines, K.H., Newman, S.F., Bellucci, G., Filac-chione, G., Coradini, A., Cruikshank, D.P., Griffith, C.A., Hibbitts, C.A., McCord, T.B., Nelson, R.M., Nicholson, P.D., Sotin, C., and Wagner, R., 2008: Distribution of icy particles across Enceladus' surface as derived from Cassini-VIMS measurements. Icarus 193, 407–419.
Kirk, R.L., Becker, T.L., Rosanova, T., Soderblom, L.A., Davies, M.E., and Colvin, T.R., 1998: Digital maps of the Saturnian satellites – First steps in cartographic support of the Cassini Mission. Jupiter after Galileo, Saturn before Cassini Conference, Nantes, France.
Mandelbaum, A., 1972: The Aeneid of Virgil. Bantam, New York.
Minton, D.A. 2008: The topographic limits of gravitationally bound, rotating sand piles. Icarus 195, 698–704.
Mozley, J. H., 1934: The Argonautica, by Valerius Flaccus (English translation). The Loeb Classical Library, Cambridge, MA.
Porco, C.C. and 19 co-authors, 2004: Cassini imaging science: Instrument characteristics and anticipated scientific investigations at Saturn. Space Science Review 115, 363–497.
Porco, C.C. and 34 co-authors, 2005: Cassini imaging science: Initial results on Phoebe and Iapetus. Science 307, 1237–1242.
Porco, C.C. and 24 co-authors, 2006: Cassini observes the active south pole of Enceladus. Science 311, 1393–1401.
Porco, C.C., Thomas, P.C., Weiss, J.W., and Richardson, D.C., 2007: Saturn's small inner satellites: Clues to their origins. Science 318, 1602.
Roatsch, T., Wählisch M., Scholten, F., Hoffmeister, A., Matz K.-D., Denk, T., Neukum G. Thomas, P., Helfenstein, P., and Porco, C.C., 2006: Mapping of the icy Saturnian satellites: First results from Cassini-ISS. Planetary Space Sciences 54, 1137–1145.
Roatsch, T., Wählisch, M., Giese, B., Hoffmeister, A., Matz, K.-D., Scholten, F., Kuhn, A., Wagner, R., Neukum, G., Helfenstein, P., and, Porco, C.C., 2008a: High-resolution Enceladus atlas derived from Cassini-ISS images. Planetary Space Sciences 56, 109–116.
Roatsch, T., Wählisch, M., Hoffmeister, A., Matz, K.-D., Scholten, F., Kersten, E., Wagner, R., Denk, T., Neukum, G., and Porco, C.C., 2008b: High-resolution Dione atlas derived from Cassini-ISS images. Planetary Space Sciences 56, 1499–1505.
Roatsch, T., Wählisch, M., Hoffmeister, A., Kersten, E., Matz, K.-D., Scholten, F., Wagner, R., Denk, T., Neukum, G., Helfenstein, P., and Porco, C.C., 2009: High-resolution atlases of Mimas, Tethys, and Iapetus derived from Cassini-ISS images. Planetary Space Sciences 57, 83–92.
Sayers, D.L., 1967: The Song of Roland. Penguin Books Inc., Baltimore.
Seidelmann, P.K., Archinal, B.A., A'shearn, M.F., Conrad, A., Consolmagno, G.J., Hestroffer, D., Hilton, J.L., Krasinsky, G.A., Neumann, G., Oberst, J., Stooke, P., Tedesco, E.F., Tholen, D.J., Thomas, P.C., and Williams, I.P., 2007: Report of the IAU/IAG Working Group on cartographic coordinates and rotational elements. Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy 98, 155–180.
Simonelli, D.P., Thomas, P., Carcich, B.T., and Veverka, J., 1993: The generation and use of numerical shape models for irregular solarsystem objects. Icarus 103, 49–61.
Stephan, K., Jaumann, R., Wagner, R., Clark, R., Cruikshank, D.P., Hi-bbitts, C.A., Roatsch, T., Brown, R.H., Buratti, B.J., Filiacchione, G., Hansen, G.B., McCord, T.B., Baines, K.H., and Nicholson, P.D., 2009a: VIMS coverage of Saturn's icy satellite Rhea. LPSC, 1377.
Stephan, K. Jaumann, R., Wagner, R., Clark, R.N., Cruikshank, D.P., Hibbitts, C.A., Roatsch, T., Hoffmann, H., Brown, R.H., Filiac-chione, G., Buratti, B.J., Hansen, G.B., McCord, T.B., Nicholson, P.D., and Baines, K.H., 2009b: Dione's spectral and geological properties, submitted to Icarus.
Thomas, P.C., Davies, M.E., Colvin, T.R., Oberst, J., Schuster, P., Neukum, G., Carr, M.H., McEwen, A., Schubert, G., Belton, M.J.S., and the Galileo Imaging Team, 1998: The Shape of Io from Galileo Limb Measurements. Icarus 135, 175–180.
Thomas, P.C., Burns, J.A., Helfenstein, P., Squyres, S., Veverka, J., Porco, C.C., Turtle, E.P., McEwen, A., Denk, T., Giese, B., Roatsch, T., Johnson, T.V., and Jacobson, R.A., 2007: Shapes of the Saturnian icy satellites and their significance. Icarus 179, 573–584.
Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge the work for the software development, image processing and the generation of the atlases of M. Wählisch, A. Hoffmeister, E. Kersten, K.-D. Matz, F. Scholten, R. Wagner, and B. Giese (DLR). They also acknowledge the image planning and camera operation work of their colleagues from the Cassini imaging team especially the operations team at the Cassini Imaging Central Laboratory for Operations (CICLOPS). Furthermore, they acknowledge helpful discussions with J. Blue and R. Kirk (USGS) about the proposed feature nomenclature and for reviewing the atlases. Finally, the authors acknowledge the planning and operation work of their colleagues from the Cassini VIMS team.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Roatsch, T., Jaumann, R., Stephan, K., Thomas, P.C. (2009). Cartographic Mapping of the Icy Satellites Using ISS and VIMS Data. In: Dougherty, M.K., Esposito, L.W., Krimigis, S.M. (eds) Saturn from Cassini-Huygens. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9217-6_24
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9217-6_24
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-9216-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-4020-9217-6
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)