Abstract
There is evidence of Neolithic habitation along the Nile and there was agricultural activity by 6000 BC. Around 3100 BC Menes united Upper and Lower Egypt and so began the rule of 31 successive pharaonic dynasties. This period was marked by three phases. The Old Kingdom, which lasted from c. 2575–2150 BC, was governed centrally from Memphis and saw the construction of the Giza pyramids. The Middle Kingdom (c. 2050–1650 BC) saw Egypt reach its zenith culturally and intellectually. The era finished with the incursions of the Hyksos, a nomadic Asiatic tribe. The New Kingdom came into being with the expulsion of the Hyksos around 1550 BC and lasted until 1050 BC. It saw Egypt achieve its greatest territorial dominance, with Syria, Palestine and northern Iraq all under Egyptian jurisdiction.
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Further Reading
CAPMAS, Statistical Year Book, Arab Republic of Egypt
Abdel-Khalek, G., Stabilization and Adjustment in Egypt. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, 2001
Daly, M. W. (ed.) The Cambridge History of Egypt. 2 vols. CUP, 2000
Hopwood, D., Egypt: Politics and Society 1945–1990. 3rd ed. London, 1992
Ibrahim, Fouad N. and Ibrahim, Barbara, Egypt: An Economic Geography. I. B. Tauris, London, 2001
King, J. W., Historical Dictionary of Egypt. 2nd ed. Revised by A. Goldschmidt. Metuchen (NJ), 1995
Malek, J. (ed.) Egypt. Univ. of Oklahoma Press, 1993
Raymond, André, Cairo. Harvard Univ. Press, 2001
Rodenbeck, M., Cairo—the City Victorious. Picador, London, 1998
Rubin, Barry, Islamic Fundamentalism in Egyptian Politics. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, 2002
Vatikiotis, P. J., History of Modern Egypt: from Muhammad Ali to Mubarak. London, 1991
National Statistical Office: Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS), Nasr City, Cairo.
Website: http://www.capmas.gov.eg
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Turner, B. (2007). Egypt. In: Turner, B. (eds) The Statesman’s Yearbook 2008. The Statesman’s Yearbook. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-74024-6_162
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-74024-6_162
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