Abstract
By applying invasive techniques for direct measurements of oxygen tension, we have reported decreased kidney oxygenation in experimental diabetes in rats. However, the non-invasive MRI technique utilizing the BOLD effect provides several advantages with the possibility to perform repetitive measurements in the same animals and in human subjects. In this study, we applied a modified single gradient echo microimaging sequence to detect the BOLD effect in kidneys of diabetic rats and compared the results to normoglycemic controls. All measurements were performed on inactin-anaesthetized adult male Wistar Furth rats. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (45 mg/kg) 14 days prior to MRI-analysis. Sixteen T2*-weighted image records (B0=1.5 T) were performed using radiofrequency spoiled gradient echo sequence with 2.6 ms step increments of TE (TE1=12 ms), while TR (75 ms) and bandwidth per pixel (71.4 Hz) were kept constant. T2* maps were computed by mono-exponential fitting of the pixel intensities. Relaxation rates R2* (1/T2*) in cortex and outer stripe of the outer medulla were similar in both groups (cortex for controls 22.3±0.4 vs. diabetics 23.1±1.8 Hz and outer stripe of outer medulla for controls 24.9±0.4 vs. diabetics 26.4±1.8 Hz; n=4 in both groups), whereas R2* was increased in the inner stripe of the outer medulla in diabetic rats (diabetics 26.1±2.4 vs. controls 18.8±1.4 Hz; n=4, P<0.05). This study demonstrates that experimental diabetes in rats induces decreased oxygenation of the renal outer medulla. Furthermore, the proposed T2*-weighted MR micro-imaging technique is suitable for detection of regional changes in kidney oxygenation in experimental animal models.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
F. Palm, Intrarenal oxygen in diabetes and a possible link to diabetic nephropathy, Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 33(997-1001 (2006).
P. V. Prasad, Functional MRI of the kidney: tools for translational studies of pathophysiology of renal disease, Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 290(5), F958-74 (2006).
L. Li, P. Storey, D. Kim, W. Li, and P. Prasad, Kidneys in hypertensive rats show reduced response to nitric oxide synthase inhibition as evaluated by BOLD MRI, J Magn Reson Imaging 17(6), 671-5 (2003).
J. Weis, I. Frollo, and L. Budinsky, Magnetic field distribution measurement by the modified FLASH method, Zeitschr Naturforsch 44a(1151-1154 (1989).
J. Weis, A. Ericsson, and A. Hemmingsson, Chemical shift artifact-free microscopy: spectroscopic microimaging of the human skin, Magn Reson Med 41(5), 904-8 (1999).
F. Palm, D. G. Buerk, P. O. Carlsson, P. Hansell, and P. Liss, Reduced nitric oxide concentration in the renal cortex of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: effects on renal oxygenation and microcirculation, Diabetes 54(11), 3282-3287 (2005).
F. Palm, J. Cederberg, P. Hansell, P. Liss, and P. O. Carlsson, Reactive oxygen species cause diabetesinduced decrease in renal oxygen tension, Diabetologia 46(8), 1153-1160 (2003).
F. Palm, P. Hansell, G. Ronquist, A. Waldenstrom, P. Liss, and P. O. Carlsson, Polyol-pathway-dependent disturbances in renal medullary metabolism in experimental insulin-deficient diabetes mellitus in rats, Diabetologia 47(7), 1223-1231 (2004).
F. A. Howe, S. P. Robinson, D. J. McIntyre, M. Stubbs, and J. R. Griffiths, Issues in flow and oxygenation dependent contrast (FLOOD) imaging of tumours, NMR Biomed 14(7-8), 497-506 (2001).
E. A. dos Santos, L. P. Li, L. Ji, and P. V. Prasad, Early changes with diabetes in renal medullary hemodynamics as evaluated by fiberoptic probes and BOLD magnetic resonance imaging, Invest Radiol 42(3), 157-62 (2007).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this paper
Cite this paper
Edlund, J. et al. (2009). Reduced Oxygenation In Diabetic Rat Kidneys Measured By T2* Weighted Magnetic Resonance Micro-Imaging. In: Liss, P., Hansell, P., Bruley, D.F., Harrison, D.K. (eds) Oxygen Transport to Tissue XXX. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 645. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-85998-9_31
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-85998-9_31
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-85997-2
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-85998-9
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)