Abstract
The backpacks influence the posture of the walkers. The object of this study is to quantify the modifications of the posture but also the modifications during gait, in differs configurations load: (a) without backpack, (b) with a commercial backpack, and with a prototype of which it is possible to make move part of the load, (c) behind of the trunk and (d) in front of the trunk. To evaluate this new design, 13 subjects were asked to walk, in straight line at their natural walking speed. Kinematics and dynamics data were recorded by a Vicon optoelectronic system and 2 force platforms (Kistler). The results show that the forward load condition (d) allows the raising of the walker trunk. Consequently, the postural attitude of the walker is closer to normal walk attitude (without load). For the dynamic data, no significant difference was noted between the 3 conditions of walk with backpack.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Barbier, F., Salom, O. & Angué, J.C. (1998) Assessing the ergonomics of 2. rucksacks. The Engineering of Sport, Editor S.J. Hake, Blackwell Science, pp. 243–250, ISBN 0-632-05048-9.
Bobet, J & Norman, R.W. (1984) Effects of load placement on back muscle activity in load carriage. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 53, 71–75.
Cook, T.M., Neumann, D. A. (1987) The effects of load placement on the EMG activity of the low back muscles during load carrying by men and women. Ergonomics. 30(10), 1413–1423.
Guelton, K., Gillet, C., Delporte, L., Barbier, F., Lepoutre, FX. (2002) An easy method to determine the centre of gravity of some lifeless body with a motion analysis system. Arch. of Physiology and Biochemistry. 110, 90.
Holewijn, M. (1990) Physical strain due to load carrying. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 61, 237–245.
Kinoshita, H. (1985) Effects of different loads and carrying systems on selected biomechanical parameters describing walking gait. Ergonomics. 28(9), 1347–1362.
Knapik, J., Harman, E., Reynolds, K. (1996) Load carriage using packs: a review of physiological, biomechanical and medical aspects. Appl. Ergon. 27(3), 207–216.
LaFiandra, M., Wagenaar, R.C., Holt, K.G., Obusek, J.P. (2003) How do load carriage and walking speed influence trunk coordination and stride parameters? J. Biomech. 36(1) 87–95.
Lafiandra, M., Harman, E. (2004) The distribution of forces between the upper and lower back during load carriage. Med. Sci. Sports. Exerc. 36(3), 460–467.
Legg, S.J., Pehanty, A. (1985) Comparison of five modes of carrying a load close to the trunk. Ergonomics. 28(12), 1653–1660.
Legg, S.J., Perko, L. & Campbell, P. (1997) Subjective perceptual methods for comparing backpacks. Ergonomics. 40(8), 809–817.
Lloyd, R. and Cooke, C.B. (2000) The oxygen consumption associated with unloaded walking and load carriage using two different backpack designs. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 81(6), 486–492.
Martin, E. & Nelson, R.C. (1986) The effects of carried loads on the walking patterns of men and women. Ergonomics. 29 (10), 1191–1202.
Quesada, P.M., Mengelkoch, L.J., Hale R.C. & Simon S.R. (2000) Biomechanical and metabolic effects of varying backpack loading on simulated marching. Ergonomics. 43 (3), 293–309.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this paper
Cite this paper
Gillet, C., Foissac, M., Leteneur, S., Freychat, P., Barbier, F. (2006). Influence of a New Backpack Design on Kinematics and Dynamics of Walking. In: Moritz, E.F., Haake, S. (eds) The Engineering of Sport 6. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-45951-6_66
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-45951-6_66
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-34680-9
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-45951-6
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)