Abstract
Until recently, structural information about coronins was scarce and the earlier identification of five WD40 repeats gave rise to a structural prediction of a five-bladed β propeller for the N-terminal domain of these proteins. More detailed analyses revealed the presence of seven WD40 repeats and the hypothesis of a seven-bladed β propeller structure. This model has recently been validated due to structural information from crystal structures of C-terminally truncated coronin 1 (1A), as well as its C-terminal coiled coil domain. Further structural information is available only indirectly from binding and functional studies.
Phosphorylation at distinct serine and tyrosine residues seems to be a common theme for various coronins. There are indications that this modification regulates the quaternary structure of coronin 3 (1C) and thus has implications for the cellular localisation and the general link between signalling and cytoskeletal remodelling. Similarly, phosphorylation-dependent sorting sequences recently discovered on coronin 7 might prove important for the molecular mechanisms of the longer coronins.
A matter that will require further clarification is the localisation of protein binding sites on coronins. While earlier reports presented a rather diverse map of actin binding sites, more recent studies, including the crystal structure of the coronin 1 N-terminal domain, deliver more detailed information in this respect. Interaction sites for other target proteins, such as Arp2/3, remain to be identified. Also, while membrane binding is a known feature of coronins, further details as to the binding sites and molecular level events remain to be elucidated. The N-terminal WD40 repeat domain seems to be the membrane-interacting domain, but other domains might provide regulatory effects, most likely by posttranslational modification, in a fashion that is specific for each coronin.
In this chapter, we provide a structural overview of coronins 1 (1A), 2 (1B), 3 (1C) and 7 and also present results of our recent efforts to obtain structural models of coronins 3 and 7. Possible implications of these models on the function of these proteins are discussed.
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McArdle, B., Hofmann, A. (2008). Coronin Structure and Implications. In: Clemen, C.S., Eichinger, L., Rybakin, V. (eds) The Coronin Family of Proteins. Subcellular Biochemistry, vol 48. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09595-0_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09595-0_6
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