Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Chronic Chikungunya Virus Disease

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Chikungunya Virus

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 435))

Abstract

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus that has caused both small- and large-scale epidemics of incapacitating musculoskeletal disease across the globe. A substantial proportion of infected individuals experience debilitating arthralgia and/or arthritis that can persist in relapsing or continuous forms for months to years, an occurrence that appears independent of viral strain and outbreak location. Due to the lack of CHIKV-specific vaccine or therapeutics, treatment of chronic CHIKV disease is limited to supportive care. Although the epidemiologic and molecular mechanisms that dictate resolution or chronicity of CHIKV disease remain unclear, several risk factors and immunological responses have been implicated in the development of chronic CHIKV disease. Mounting evidence from animal models and limited case studies indicates that chronic disease is likely a result of induced autoimmunity and/or viral persistence in joint-associated tissue. Due to the global spread and explosive, often unpredictable nature of CHIKV epidemics, concerted efforts to obtain a more precise understanding of the development and maintenance of chronic CHIKV disease must be at the forefront of investigative endeavors.

Mary K. McCarthy, Bennett J. J. Davenport—These authors contributed equally.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Aletaha D, Neogi T, Silman AJ, Funovits J, Felson DT, Bingham CO, Birnbaum NS, Burmester GR, Bykerk VP, Cohen MD, Combe B, Costenbader KH, Dougados M, Emery P, Ferraccioli G, Hazes JMW, Hobbs K, Huizinga TWJ, Kavanaugh A, Kay J, Kvien TK, Laing T, Mease P, Ménard HA, Moreland LW, Naden RL, Pincus T, Smolen JS, Stanislawska-Biernat E, Symmons D, Tak PP, Upchurch KS, Vencovský J, Wolfe F, Hawker G (2010) 2010 Rheumatoid arthritis classification criteria: an American College of Rheumatology/European League against rheumatism collaborative initiative. Arthritis Rheum 62:2569–2581. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.27584

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blettery M, Brunier L, Polomat K, Moinet F, Deligny C, Arfi S, Jean-Baptiste G, De Bandt M (2016) Brief report: management of chronic post-chikungunya rheumatic disease: the Martinican experience: chronic post-chikungunya rheumatic disease. Arthritis Rheumatol 68:2817–2824. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.39775

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Borgherini G, Poubeau P, Jossaume A, Gouix A, Cotte L, Michault A, Arvin-Berod C, Paganin F (2008) Persistent arthralgia associated with chikungunya virus: a study of 88 adult patients on Reunion Island. Clin Infect Dis 47:469–475. https://doi.org/10.1086/590003

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bouquillard É, Combe B (2009) A report of 21 cases of rheumatoid arthritis following chikungunya fever. A mean follow-up of two years. Joint Bone Spine 76:654–657. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbspin.2009.08.005

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bouquillard E, Fianu A, Bangil M, Charlette N, Ribéra A, Michault A, Favier F, Simon F, Flipo R-M (2017) Rheumatic manifestations associated with Chikungunya virus infection: A study of 307 patients with 32-month follow-up (Rhumatochik study). Joint Bone Spine. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbspin.2017.01.014

  • Brighton SW, Prozesky OW, de la Harpe AL (1983) Chikungunya virus infection. A retrospective study of 107 cases. South Afr Med J Suid-Afr Tydskr Vir Geneeskd 63:313–315

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carey DE (1971) Chikungunya and dengue: a case of mistaken identity? J Hist Med Allied Sci 26:243–262

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carey DE, Myers RM, DeRanitz CM, Jadhav M, Reuben R (1969) The 1964 chikungunya epidemic at Vellore, South India, including observations on concurrent dengue. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 63:434–445

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chopra A, Anuradha V, Ghorpade R, Saluja M (2012) Acute Chikungunya and persistent musculoskeletal pain following the 2006 Indian epidemic: a 2-year prospective rural community study. Epidemiol Infect 140:842–850. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268811001300

  • Chopra A, Anuradha V, Lagoo-Joshi V, Kunjir V, Salvi S, Saluja M (2008) Chikungunya virus aches and pains: an emerging challenge. Arthritis Rheum 58:2921–2922. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.23753

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chopra A, Saluja M, Venugopalan A (2014) Effectiveness of chloroquine and inflammatory cytokine response in patients with early persistent musculoskeletal pain and arthritis following chikungunya virus infection. Arthritis Rheumatol 66:319–326. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.38221

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chow A, Her Z, Ong EKS, Chen J, Dimatatac F, Kwek DJC, Barkham T, Yang H, Rénia L, Leo Y-S, Ng LFP (2011) Persistent arthralgia induced by chikungunya virus infection is associated with interleukin-6 and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor. J Infect Dis 203:149–157. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiq042

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Couturier E, Guillemin F, Mura M, Léon L, Virion J-M, Letort M-J, De Valk H, Simon F, Vaillant V (2012) Impaired quality of life after chikungunya virus infection: a 2-year follow-up study. Rheumatology 51:1315–1322. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/kes015

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • De Ranitz CM, Myers RM, Varkey MJ, Isaac ZH, Carey DE (1965) Clinical impressions of chikungunya in Vellore gained from study of adult patients. Indian J Med Res 53:756–763

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dougados M, Linden SVD, Juhlin R, Huitfeldt B, Amor B, Calin A, Cats A, Dijkmans B, Olivieri I, Pasero G, Veys E, Zeidler H (1991) The European spondyloarthropathy study group preliminary criteria for the classification of spondylarthropathy. Arthritis Rheum 34:1218–1227. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.1780341003

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Elsinga J, Gerstenbluth I, van der Ploeg S, Halabi Y, Lourents NT, Burgerhof JG, van der Veen HT, Bailey A, Grobusch MP, Tami A (2017) Long-term Chikungunya Sequelae in Curaçao: Burden, Determinants, and a Novel Classification Tool. J Infect Dis 216:573–581. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jix312

  • Essackjee K, Goorah S, Ramchurn SK, Cheeneebash J, Walker-Bone K (2013) Prevalence of and risk factors for chronic arthralgia and rheumatoid-like polyarthritis more than 2 years after infection with chikungunya virus. Postgrad Med J 89:440–447. https://doi.org/10.1136/postgradmedj-2012-131477

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Feldstein LR, Rowhani-Rahbar A, Staples JE, Weaver MR, Halloran ME, Ellis EM (2017) Persistent arthralgia associated with chikungunya virus outbreak, US Virgin Islands, December 2014–February 2016. Emerg Infect Dis 23:673–676. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2304.161562

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Foissac M, Javelle E, Ray S, Guerin B, Simon F (2015) Post-chikungunya rheumatoid arthritis, saint martin. Emerg Infect Dis 21:530–532. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2103.141397

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Fourie ED, Morrison JG (1979) Rheumatoid arthritic syndrome after chikungunya fever. South Afr Med J 56:130–132

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ganu MA, Ganu AS (2011) Post-chikungunya chronic arthritis—our experience with DMARDs over two year follow up. J Assoc Physicians India 59:83–86

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gear J, Reid FP (1957) The occurrence of a dengue-like fever in the North-Eastern Transvaal. I. Clinical features and isolation of virus. South Afr Med J Suid-Afr Tydskr Vir Geneeskd 31:253–257

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gérardin P, Fianu A, Malvy D, Mussard C, Boussaïd K, Rollot O, Michault A, Gaüzere B-A, Bréart G, Favier F (2011) Perceived morbidity and community burden after a chikungunya outbreak: the TELECHIK survey, a population-based cohort study. BMC Med 9:5. https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-9-5

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Gérardin P, Fianu A, Michault A, Mussard C, Boussaïd K, Rollot O, Grivard P, Kassab S, Bouquillard E, Borgherini G, Gaüzère B-A, Malvy D, Bréart G, Favier F (2013) Predictors of chikungunya rheumatism: a prognostic survey ancillary to the TELECHIK cohort study. Arthritis Res Ther 15:R9. https://doi.org/10.1186/ar4137

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Grandadam M, Caro V, Plumet S, Thiberge J-M, Souarès Y, Failloux A-B, Tolou HJ, Budelot M, Cosserat D, Leparc-Goffart I, Desprès P (2011) Chikungunya virus, Southeastern France. Emerg Infect Dis 17:910–913. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1705.101873

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Halstead SB, Scanlon JE, Umpaivit P, Udomsakdi S (1969a) Dengue and chikungunya virus infection in man in Thailand, 1962–1964. IV. Epidemiologic studies in the Bangkok Metropolitan area. Am J Trop Med Hyg 18:997–1021. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1969.18.997

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Halstead SB, Udomsakdi S, Scanlon JE, Rohitayodhin S (1969b) Dengue and chikungunya virus infection in man in Thailand, 1962–1964. V. Epidemiologic observations outside Bangkok. Am J Trop Med Hyg 18:1022–1033. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1969.18.1022

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hawman DW, Stoermer KA, Montgomery SA, Pal P, Oko L, Diamond MS, Morrison TE (2013) Chronic joint disease caused by persistent chikungunya virus infection is controlled by the adaptive immune response. J Virol 87:13878–13888. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.02666-13

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hawman DW, Fox JM, Ashbrook AW, May NA, Schroeder KMS, Torres RM, Crowe JE Jr, Dermody TS, Diamond MS, Morrison TE (2016) Pathogenic chikungunya virus evades B cell Responses to establish persistence. Cell Rep 16:1326–1338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2016.06.076

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hoarau JJ, Jaffar Bandjee MC, Krejbich Trotot P, Das T, Li-Pat-Yuen G, Dassa B, Denizot M, Guichard E, Ribera A, Henni T, Tallet F, Moiton MP, Gauzere BA, Bruniquet S, Jaffar Bandjee Z, Morbidelli P, Martigny G, Jolivet M, Gay F, Grandadam M, Tolou H, Vieillard V, Debre P, Autran B, Gasque P (2010) Persistent chronic inflammation and infection by chikungunya arthritogenic alphavirus in spite of a robust host immune response. J Immunol 184:5914–5927. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.0900255

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hoarau J-J, Gay F, Pellé O, Samri A, Jaffar-Bandjee M-C, Gasque P, Autran B (2013) Identical strength of the T cell responses against E2, nsP1 and capsid CHIKV proteins in recovered and chronic patients after the epidemics of 2005–2006 in La Reunion Island. PLoS ONE 8:e84695

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Javelle E, Ribera A, Degasne I, Gaüzère B-A, Marimoutou C, Simon F (2015) Specific management of post-chikungunya rheumatic disorders: a retrospective study of 159 cases in Reunion Island from 2006–2012. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9:e0003603. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003603

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kam Y-W, Simarmata D, Chow A, Her Z, Teng T-S, Ong EKS, Rénia L, Leo Y-S, Ng LFP (2012) Early appearance of neutralizing immunoglobulin G3 antibodies is associated with chikungunya virus clearance and long-term clinical protection. J Infect Dis 205:1147–1154. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jis033

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kelvin AA, Banner D, Silvi G, Moro ML, Spataro N, Gaibani P, Cavrini F, Pierro A, Rossini G, Cameron MJ, Bermejo-Martin JF, Paquette SG, Xu L, Danesh A, Farooqui A, Borghetto I, Kelvin DJ, Sambri V, Rubino S (2011) Inflammatory cytokine expression is associated with chikungunya virus resolution and symptom severity. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 5:e1279. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001279

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy AC, Fleming J, Solomon L (1980) Chikungunya viral arthropathy: a clinical description. J Rheumatol 7:231–236

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kularatne SAM, Weerasinghe SC, Gihan C, Wickramasinghe S, Dharmarathne S, Abeyrathna A, Jayalath T (2012) Epidemiology, Clinical Manifestations, and Long-Term Outcomes of a Major Outbreak of Chikungunya in a Hamlet in Sri Lanka, in 2007: A Longitudinal Cohort Study. J Trop Med 2012:1–6. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/639178

  • Kulkarni SP, Ganu M, Jayawant P, Thanapati S, Ganu A, Tripathy AS (2017) Regulatory T cells and IL-10 as modulators of chikungunya disease outcome: a preliminary study. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-017-3087-4

  • Labadie K, Larcher T, Joubert C, Mannioui A, Delache B, Brochard P, Guigand L, Dubreil L, Lebon P, Verrier B, de Lamballerie X, Suhrbier A, Cherel Y, Le Grand R, Roques P (2010) Chikungunya disease in nonhuman primates involves long-term viral persistence in macrophages. J Clin Invest 120:894–906. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI40104

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Larrieu S, Pouderoux N, Pistone T, Filleul L, Receveur M-C, Sissoko D, Ezzedine K, Malvy D (2010) Factors associated with persistence of arthralgia among chikungunya virus-infected travellers: report of 42 French cases. J Clin Virol 47:85–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2009.11.014

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leparc-Goffart I, Nougairede A, Cassadou S, Prat C, de Lamballerie X (2014) Chikungunya in the Americas. The Lancet 383:514. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60185-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Manimunda SP, Vijayachari P, Uppoor R, Sugunan AP, Singh SS, Rai SK, Sudeep AB, Muruganandam N, Chaitanya IK, Guruprasad DR (2010) Clinical progression of chikungunya fever during acute and chronic arthritic stages and the changes in joint morphology as revealed by imaging. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 104:392–399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trstmh.2010.01.011

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Marimoutou C, Ferraro J, Javelle E, Deparis X, Simon F (2015) Chikungunya infection: self-reported rheumatic morbidity and impaired quality of life persist 6 years later. Clin Microbiol Infect 21:688–693. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2015.02.024

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Marimoutou C, Vivier E, Oliver M, Boutin J-P, Simon F (2012) Morbidity and Impaired Quality of Life 30 Months After Chikungunya Infection: Comparative Cohort of Infected and Uninfected French Military Policemen in Reunion Island. Medicine 91:212–219. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD

  • Marques CDL, Duarte ALBP, Ranzolin A, Dantas AT, Cavalcanti NG, Gonçalves RSG, Junior LF da R, Valadares LD de A, Melo AKG de, Freire EAM, Teixeira R, Neto FAB, Medeiros MM das C, Carvalho JF de, Santos MSF, Océa RA de LC, Levy RA, Andrade CAF de, Pinheiro G da RC, Abreu MM, Verztman JF, Merenlender S, Ribeiro SLE, Costa IP da, Pileggi G, Trevisani VFM, Lopes MIB, Brito C, Figueiredo E, Queiroga F, Feitosa T, Tenório A da S, Siqueira GR de, Paiva R, Vasconcelos JTS, Christopoulos G (2017) Recommendations of the Brazilian Society of Rheumatology for the diagnosis and treatment of chikungunya fever. Part 2—Treatment. Rev Bras Reumatol Engl Ed. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbre.2017.06.004

  • Mathew AJ, Goyal V, George E, Thekkemuriyil DV, Jayakumar B, Chopra A, On behalf of the Trivandrum COPCORD Study Group (2011) Rheumatic-musculoskeletal pain and disorders in a naïve group of individuals 15 months following a chikungunya viral epidemic in south India: a population based observational study. Int J Clin Pract 65:1306–1312. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-1241.2011.02792.x

  • McCarthy MK, Morrison TE (2017) Persistent RNA virus infections: do PAMPS drive chronic disease? Curr Opin Virol 23:8–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coviro.2017.01.003

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Messaoudi I, Vomaske J, Totonchy T, Kreklywich CN, Haberthur K, Springgay L, Brien JD, Diamond MS, DeFilippis VR, Streblow DN (2013) Chikungunya virus infection results in higher and persistent viral replication in aged Rhesus macaques due to defects in anti-viral immunity. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7:e2343. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002343

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Miner JJ, Aw Yeang HX, Fox JM, Taffner S, Malkova ON, Oh ST, Kim AHJ, Diamond MS, Lenschow DJ, Yokoyama WM (2015) Brief report: chikungunya viral arthritis in the United States: a mimic of seronegative rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 67:1214–1220. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.39027

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Mogami R, de Almeida Vieira A, Junqueira Filho EA, Lopes AJ (2017a) Chikungunya fever outbreak in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: ultrasonographic aspects of musculoskeletal complications. J Clin Ultrasound 45:43–44. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcu.22394

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mogami R, Pereira Vaz JL, de Fátima Barcelos Chagas Y, de Abreu MM, Torezani RS, de Almeida Vieira A, Junqueira Filho EA, Barbosa YB, Carvalho ACP, Lopes AJ (2017b) Ultrasonography of hands and wrists in the diagnosis of complications of chikungunya fever. J Ultrasound Med. https://doi.org/10.1002/jum.14344

  • Mogami R, Vaz JLP, Chagas Y de FB, Torezani RS, Vieira A de A, Koifman ACB, Barbosa YB, de Abreu MM (2017c) Ultrasound of ankles in the diagnosis of complications of chikungunya fever. Radiol Bras 50:71–75. https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-3984.2016.0221

  • Moore DL, Reddy S, Akinkugbe FM, Lee VH, David-West TS, Causey OR, Carey DE (1974) An epidemic of chikungunya fever at Ibadan, Nigeria, 1969. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 68:59–68

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moro ML, Gagliotti C, Silvi G, Angelini R, Sambri V, Rezza G, Massimiliani E, Mattivi A, Grilli E, Finarelli AC, Spataro N, Pierro AM, Seyler T, Macini P (2010) Chikungunya virus in North-Eastern Italy: a seroprevalence survey. Am J Trop Med Hyg 82:508–511. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0322

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Moro ML, Grilli E, Corvetta A, Silvi G, Angelini R, Mascella F, Miserocchi F, Sambo P, Finarelli AC, Sambri V, Gagliotti C, Massimiliani E, Mattivi A, Pierro AM, Macini P (2012) Long-term chikungunya infection clinical manifestations after an outbreak in Italy: A prognostic cohort study. J Infect 65:165–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2012.04.005

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Murillo-Zamora E, Mendoza-Cano O, Trujillo-Hernández B, Alberto Sánchez-Piña R, Guzmán-Esquivel J (2017) Persistent arthralgia and related risks factors in laboratory-confirmed cases of chikungunya virus infection in Mexico. Rev Panam Salud Pública 41

    Google Scholar 

  • Muyembe-Tamfum JJ, Peyrefitte CN, Yogolelo R, Mathina Basisya E, Koyange D, Pukuta E, Mashako M, Tolou H, Durand JP (2003) Epidemic of chikungunya virus in 1999 and 200 in the democratic republic of the Congo. Med Trop Rev Corps Sante Colon 63:637–638

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Myers RM, Carey DE, Reuben R, Jesudass ES, De Ranitz C, Jadhav M (1965) The 1964 epidemic of dengue-like fever in South India: isolation of chikungunya virus from human sera and from mosquitoes. Indian J Med Res 53:694–701

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nakaya HI, Gardner J, Poo Y-S, Major L, Pulendran B, Suhrbier A (2012) Gene profiling of chikungunya virus arthritis in a mouse model reveals significant overlap with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 64:3553–3563. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.34631

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ogilvie P, Bardi G, Clark-Lewis I, Baggiolini M, Uguccioni M (2001) Eotaxin is a natural antagonist for CCR2 and an agonist for CCR5. Blood 97:1920–1924. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.V97.7.1920

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ozden S, Huerre M, Riviere J-P, Coffey LL, Afonso PV, Mouly V, de Monredon J, Roger J-C, Amrani ME, Yvin J-L, Jaffar M-C, Frenkiel M-P, Sourisseau M, Schwartz O, Butler-Browne G, Desprès P, Gessain A, Ceccaldi P-E (2007) Human muscle satellite cells as targets of chikungunya virus infection. PLoS ONE 2:e527. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0000527

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • PAHO WHO | Chikungunya. http://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_topics&view=article&id=343&Itemid=40931&lang=en. Accessed 29 Nov 2017

  • Petersen LR, Powers AM (2016) Chikungunya: epidemiology. F1000Research. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.7171.1

  • Poo YS, Rudd PA, Gardner J, Wilson JAC, Larcher T, Colle M-A, Le TT, Nakaya HI, Warrilow D, Allcock R, Bielefeldt-Ohmann H, Schroder WA, Khromykh AA, Lopez JA, Suhrbier A (2014) Multiple immune factors are involved in controlling acute and chronic chikungunya virus infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8:e3354. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003354

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Powers AM, Logue CH (2007) Changing patterns of chikungunya virus: re-emergence of a zoonotic arbovirus. J Gen Virol 88:2363–2377. https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.82858-0

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rahim AA, Thekkekara RJ, Bina T, Paul BJ (2016) Disability with persistent pain following an epidemic of chikungunya in rural South India. J Rheumatol 43:440–444. https://doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.141609

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ramachandran V, Kaur P, Kanagasabai K, Vadivoo S, Murhekar MV (2014) Persistent arthralgia among Chikungunya patients and associated risk factors in Chennai, South India. J Postgrad Med 60:3. https://doi.org/10.4103/0022-3859.128795

  • Ravi V (2006) Re-emergence of chikungunya virus in India. Indian J Med Microbiol, 83–84

    Google Scholar 

  • Ravindran V, Alias G (2017) Efficacy of combination DMARD therapy vs. hydroxychloroquine monotherapy in chronic persistent chikungunya arthritis: a 24-week randomized controlled open label study. Clin Rheumatol 36:1335–1340. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-016-3429-0

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Renault P, Solet J-L, Sissoko D, Balleydier E, Larrieu S, Filleul L, Lassalle C, Thiria J, Rachou E, de Valk H et al (2007) A major epidemic of chikungunya virus infection on Reunion Island, France, 2005–2006. Am J Trop Med Hyg 77:727–731

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson MC (1955) An epidemic of virus disease in Southern Province, Tanganyika territory, in 1952–1953. I. Clinical features. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 49:28–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(55)90080-8

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rodriguez-Morales AJ, Restrepo-Posada VM, Acevedo-Escalante N, Rodríguez-Muñoz ED, Valencia-Marín M, Castrillón-Spitia JD, Londoño JJ, Bedoya-Rendón HD, Cárdenas-Pérez J de J, Cardona-Ospina JA, Lagos-Grisales GJ (2017) Impaired quality of life after chikungunya virus infection: a 12-month follow-up study of its chronic inflammatory rheumatism in La Virginia, Risaralda, Colombia. Rheumatol Int, 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-017-3795-1

  • Rodríguez-Morales AJ, Cardona-Ospina JA, Fernanda Urbano-Garzón S, Sebastian Hurtado-Zapata J (2016a) Prevalence of post-chikungunya infection chronic inflammatory arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis: chronic inflammatory rheumatism following chikungunya. Arthritis Care Res 68:1849–1858. https://doi.org/10.1002/acr.22900

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rodríguez-Morales AJ, Villamil-Gomez W, Merlano-Espinosa M, Simone-Kleber L (2016b) Post-chikungunya chronic arthralgia: a first retrospective follow-up study of 39 cases in Colombia. Clin Rheumatol 35:831–832. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-015-3041-8

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ross RW (1956) The Newala epidemic. III. The virus: Isolation, Pathogenic Properties and Relationship to the Epidemic. J Hyg (Lond) 54:177–191

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saluzzo JF, Cornet M, Digoutte JP (1983) Outbreak of a chikungunya virus epidemic in western Senegal in 1982. Dakar Med 28:497–500

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schilte C, Staikovsky F, Couderc T, Madec Y, Carpentier F, Kassab S, Albert ML, Lecuit M, Michault A (2013) Chikungunya virus-associated long-term arthralgia: a 36-month prospective longitudinal study. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7:e2137. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002137

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Sergon K, Njuguna C, Kalani R, Ofula V, Onyango C, Konongoi LS, Bedno S, Burke H, Dumilla AM, Konde J, Njenga MK, Sang R, Breiman RF (2008) Seroprevalence of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection on Lamu Island, Kenya, October 2004. Am J Trop Med Hyg 78:333–337

    Google Scholar 

  • Sergon K, Yahaya AA, Brown J, Bedja SA, Mlindasse M, Agata N, Allaranger Y, Ball MD, Powers AM, Ofula V (2007) Seroprevalence of chikungunya virus infection on Grande Comore Island, union of the Comoros, 2005. Am J Trop Med Hyg 76:1189–1193

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shah KV, Gibbs CJ, Banerjee G (1964) Virological investigation of the epidemic of haemorrhagic fever in Calcutta: isolation of three strains of chikungunya virus. Indian J Med Res 52:676–683

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shegarfi H, Naddafi F, Mirshafiey A (2012) Natural killer cells and their role in rheumatoid arthritis: friend or foe? Sci World J 2012:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1100/2012/491974

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simon F, Parola P, Grandadam M, Fourcade S, Oliver M, Brouqui P, Hance P, Kraemer P, Mohamed AA, de Lamballerie X et al (2007) Chikungunya infection: an emerging rheumatism among travelers returned from Indian Ocean islands. Report of 47 cases. Medicine (Baltimore) 86:123–137

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simon F, Javelle E, Cabie A, Bouquillard E, Troisgros O, Gentile G, Leparc-Goffart I, Hoen B, Gandjbakhch F, Rene-Corail P, Franco J-M, Caumes E, Combe B, Poiraudeau S, Gane-Troplent F, Djossou F, Schaerverbeke T, Criquet-Hayot A, Carrere P, Malvy D, Gaillard P, Wendling D (2015) French guidelines for the management of chikungunya (acute and persistent presentations). November 2014. Médecine Mal Infect 45:243–263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medmal.2015.05.007

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sissoko D, Malvy D, Giry C, Delmas G, Paquet C, Gabrie P, Pettinelli F, Sanquer MA, Pierre V (2008) Outbreak of chikungunya fever in Mayotte, Comoros archipelago, 2005–2006. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 102:780–786. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.02.018

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sissoko D, Malvy D, Ezzedine K, Renault P, Moscetti F, Ledrans M, Pierre V (2009) Post-epidemic chikungunya disease on Reunion Island: course of Rheumatic manifestations and associated factors over a 15-month period. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 3:e389. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000389

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Staikowsky F, Roux KL, Schuffenecker I, Laurent P, Grivard P, Develay A, Michault A (2008) Retrospective survey of chikungunya disease in Réunion Island hospital staff. Epidemiol Amp Infect 136:196–206. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268807008424

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Teo T-H, Lum F-M, Claser C, Lulla V, Lulla A, Merits A, Renia L, Ng LFP (2013) A Pathogenic Role for CD4+ T Cells during chikungunya virus infection in mice. J Immunol 190:259–269. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1202177

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thanapati S, Ganu M, Giri P, Kulkarni S, Sharma M, Babar P, Ganu A, Tripathy AS (2017) Impaired NK cell functionality and increased TNF-α production as biomarkers of chronic chikungunya arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Hum Immunol 78:370–374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humimm.2017.02.006

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thiberville S-D, Moyen N, Dupuis-Maguiraga L, Nougairede A, Gould EA, Roques P, de Lamballerie X (2013) Chikungunya fever: epidemiology, clinical syndrome, pathogenesis and therapy. Antiviral Res 99:345–370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.06.009

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Tomori O, Fagbami A, Fabiyi A (1975) The 1974 epidemic of chikungunya fever in children in Ibadan. Trop Geogr Med 27:413–417

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Uhrlaub JL, Pulko V, DeFilippis VR, Broeckel R, Streblow DN, Coleman GD, Park BS, Lindo JF, Vickers I, Anzinger JJ, Nikolich-Žugich J (2016) Dysregulated TGF-β production underlies the age-related vulnerability to chikungunya virus. PLoS Pathog 12:e1005891. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005891

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • van Aalst M, Nelen CM, Goorhuis A, Stijnis C, Grobusch MP (2017) Long-term sequelae of chikungunya virus disease: a systematic review. Travel Med Infect Dis 15:8–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2017.01.004

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Venugopalan A, Ghorpade RP, Chopra A (2014) Cytokines in acute chikungunya. PLOS ONE 9:e111305. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0111305

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Wauquier N, Becquart P, Nkoghe D, Padilla C, Ndjoyi-Mbiguino A, Leroy EM (2011) The acute phase of chikungunya virus infection in humans is associated with strong innate immunity and T CD8 cell activation. J Infect Dis 204:115–123. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiq006

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Waymouth HE, Zoutman DE, Towheed TE (2013) Chikungunya-related arthritis: case report and review of the literature. Semin Arthritis Rheum 43:273–278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semarthrit.2013.03.003

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Win MK, Chow A, Dimatatac F, Go CJ, Leo YS (2010) Chikungunya fever in Singapore: acute clinical and laboratory features, and factors associated with persistent arthralgia. J Clin Virol 49:111–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2010.07.004

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yaseen HM, Simon F, Deparis X, Marimoutou C (2014) Identification of initial severity determinants to predict arthritis after chikungunya infection in a cohort of French gendarmes. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 15:249. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-15-249

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Zim MA, Sam I-C, Omar SFS, Chan YF, AbuBakar S, Kamarulzaman A (2013) Chikungunya infection in Malaysia: comparison with dengue infection in adults and predictors of persistent arthralgia. J Clin Virol 56:141–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2012.10.019

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Public Health Service grants R01 AI108725, R01 AI123348, and U19 AI109680 (to T. E. Morrison), F32 AI122463 (to M. K. McCarthy), and T32 AR007534 (to B. J. J. Davenport) from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.

Author information

Author notes

    Authors and Affiliations

    1. Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA

      Mary K. McCarthy, Bennett J. J. Davenport & Thomas E. Morrison

    Authors
    1. Mary K. McCarthy
      View author publications

      You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

    2. Bennett J. J. Davenport
      View author publications

      You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

    3. Thomas E. Morrison
      View author publications

      You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

    Corresponding author

    Correspondence to Thomas E. Morrison .

    Editor information

    Editors and Affiliations

    1. Department of Genetics, The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

      Mark Heise

    Rights and permissions

    Reprints and permissions

    Copyright information

    © 2018 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

    About this chapter

    Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

    Cite this chapter

    McCarthy, M.K., Davenport, B.J.J., Morrison, T.E. (2018). Chronic Chikungunya Virus Disease. In: Heise, M. (eds) Chikungunya Virus. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 435. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2018_147

    Download citation

    Publish with us

    Policies and ethics

    Search

    Navigation