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Acute Infectious Diarrhea

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Probiotics and Child Gastrointestinal Health

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AMIDPH,volume 1125))

Abstract

Acute infectious diarrhea (AID) is one of the most common diseases in pediatric age with relevant burden both in high- and in low-income countries.

Thanks to their direct action on enterocyte functions and indirect actions on mucosal and systemic immune system and intestinal microenvironment, probiotics are an ideal intervention to manage AID in childhood. However, their efficacy is strictly related to strains and indications, and practitioners should take this information into account in clinical practice.

This chapter summarizes the main mechanisms of action of probiotics in AID, with a focus on proof of efficacy supporting their use in prevention and treatment of infant AID.

The use of selected strains in appropriate doses is strongly recommended by guidelines of AID, based on large and consistent proofs of efficacy and safety. At present, therapy with probiotics of AID is arguably the strongest indication for probiotics in medicine. Future research should investigate probiotic efficacy in at-risk populations and settings where the evidence is missing.

Their role in prevention of AID is however questionable in healthy population, whereas it should be considered in at-risk population. Evidence for prevention of diarrhea in day-care centers and communities is lacking, but consistent evidence supports efficacy in prevention of hospital acquired diarrhea.

Overall, AID is the most convincing area for probiotic use in children, and effective strains should be used early after onset of symptoms.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Translational Medical Sciences – Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy

    Andrea Lo Vecchio, Vittoria Buccigrossi & Alfredo Guarino

  2. Department of Woman, Child and of General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy

    Maria Cristina Fedele

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  1. Andrea Lo Vecchio
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  2. Vittoria Buccigrossi
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  3. Maria Cristina Fedele
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  4. Alfredo Guarino
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Correspondence to Alfredo Guarino .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA

    Stefano Guandalini

  2. Department of Pediatrics, Ospedale Giovanni XXI, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Amendola, Bari, Italy

    Flavia Indrio

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Lo Vecchio, A., Buccigrossi, V., Fedele, M.C., Guarino, A. (2019). Acute Infectious Diarrhea. In: Guandalini, S., Indrio, F. (eds) Probiotics and Child Gastrointestinal Health. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology(), vol 1125. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2018_320

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