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Graphene-Based Electrochemical Sensors

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Carbon-Based Nanosensor Technology

Part of the book series: Springer Series on Chemical Sensors and Biosensors ((SSSENSORS,volume 17))

Abstract

Since graphene was isolated and characterised in 2004 and 2005, its applications have been researched intensively for a broad range of applications, none more so than the field of electrochemical sensors, which aim to exploit the unique charge carrier mobility associated with graphene structures. This chapter explores graphene and its incorporation into electrochemical sensors. The chapter discusses graphene structure and the electrochemical responses arising from such structures on a macro-scale and examines production methods of graphene and how these affect the observed currents in electrochemical reactions as a result of such methods. The chapter subsequently explores sensors designed from a range of different graphenes, including surfactant-exfoliated graphene, surfactant-free graphene, chemical vapour deposition graphene, and reduced graphene oxide. The chapter finds that reduced graphene oxide is the most commonly employed route for graphene-based electrochemical sensors, owing to the scale of production being large, and its relatively cheap and straightforward production.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    This is especially true in the cases of redox probes such as potassium ferricyanide that are well known to exhibit inner-sphere electron transitions that require a reorganisation of the molecular orbital symmetry for electron transfer to take place. This is not the case for outer-sphere redox probes such as hexamine-ruthenium (III) chloride, however, as they can donate electrons without the need for such reorganisation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK

    Edward P. Randviir & Craig E. Banks

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  1. Edward P. Randviir
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  2. Craig E. Banks
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Correspondence to Edward P. Randviir or Craig E. Banks .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany

    Christine Kranz

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Randviir, E.P., Banks, C.E. (2018). Graphene-Based Electrochemical Sensors. In: Kranz, C. (eds) Carbon-Based Nanosensor Technology. Springer Series on Chemical Sensors and Biosensors, vol 17. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/5346_2018_25

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