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Persistent Organic Pollutants and Concern Over the Link with Insulin Resistance Related Metabolic Diseases

  • Chapter
Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

Part of the book series: Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology ((RECT,volume 238))

Abstract

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are mostly halogenated compounds tending to persist in the environment, enter into the food chain, and accumulate in fat mass of mammals due to their high lipophilicity. They include some organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, brominated flame retardants and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Some of these chemicals were widely used in the past so that their residues can be detected in the human body, though their usage has been banned for years. POPs have been shown to perturb the health of biological systems in different ways evidenced by carcinogenicity and disrupting effects on endocrine, immune, and reproductive systems. There are many epidemiologic and experimental studies on the association of exposure to POPs with insulin resistance and related metabolic disorders like obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Inflammation as a known mechanism accompanying insulin resistance has also been shown to arise in insulin target tissues exposed to POPs. This review addresses the breast milk concentration of POPs in different regions of the world, synthesizes the current information on the association of POPs with insulin resistance related metabolic disorders, and discusses the inflammation as an involved mechanism. Considering high prevalence of insulin resistance related metabolic diseases and their relation with POPs, much need is felt regarding international and regional programs to not only limit their production and usage but eliminate these persistent pollutants from the environment.

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Abbreviations

AhR:

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor

BFR:

Brominated flame retardants

BMI:

Body mass index

CARDIA:

Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults

CHL:

Chlordane

COX:

Cyclooxygenase

CRP:

C-reactive protein

DDE:

p,p′-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane

DDT:

Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane

HCB:

Hexachlorobenzene

HCH:

Hexachlorocyclohexane

HOMA:

Homeostatic model assessment

HpCDD:

Heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin

IL-6:

Interleukin 6

IR:

Insulin resistance

NF-κB:

Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells

OCDD:

Octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin

OCP:

Organochlorine pesticide

PAH:

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

PBB:

Polybrominated biphenyls

PBDE:

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers

PCB:

Polychlorinated biphenyls

PCDD:

Polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxin

PCDF:

Polychlorodibenzofuran

PFNA:

Perfluorononanoic acid

PIVUS:

Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors

POP:

Persistent organic pollutants

TBT:

Tributyltin

TCDD:

Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor alpha

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Acknowledgment

Thank to the Research Council of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences.

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  1. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, 5618953141, Ardabil, Iran

    Sara Mostafalou Pharm.D., Ph.D.

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    Pim de Voogt

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Mostafalou, S. (2016). Persistent Organic Pollutants and Concern Over the Link with Insulin Resistance Related Metabolic Diseases. In: de Voogt, P. (eds) Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, vol 238. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/398_2015_5001

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