Abstract
Many popular web sites get millions of hits everyday. To service a large number of requests, clusters of fully replicated web servers are used. In such a setup, the client’s request has to be directed to a cluster and then to a server within the cluster in a manner that the client receives the response in minimum time. In this paper, we propose an adaptive policy of selecting the nearest cluster for a request. Proximity is assessed by the round trip delay between the cluster and the client. An innovative idea is to measure this delay only for those clients who are sending a large number of requests. We have implemented this scheme, and using a test-bed which simulates the world wide web environment, compared the performance of the scheme with that of some existing schemes. The results indicate that the proposed scheme performs better, both in terms of average response time, as well as throughput.
This research was partially supported by a grant from Avaya Labs, NJ, USA.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
P. Agarwal. A test-bed for performance evaluation of load balancing strategies for web server systems. Master’s thesis, CSE Dept., IIT Kanpur, India, May 2001.
E. Anderson, D. Patterson, and E. Brewer. The Magicrouter: An application of fast packet interposing, http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~eanders/projects/-magicrouter/osdi96-mr-submission.ps, May 1996.
M. F. Arlitt and C. L. Williamson. Internet web servers: Workload characterization and performance implications. IEEE/ACM Trans. on Networking, 5(5):631–644, Oct. 1997.
M. Baentsh, L. Baum, and G. Molter. Enhancing the web’s infrastructure: From caching to replication. IEEE Internet Computing, l(2):18–27, March–April 1997.
M. Beck and T. Moore. The Internet-2 distributed storage infrastructure project: An architecture for Internet content channels. In Proc. of Third Int’l WWW Caching Workshop, Manchester, UK, June 1998.
V. Cardelini, M. Colajanni, and P. S. Yu. Dynamic load balancing on web server systems. IEEE Internet Computing, 3(3):28–39, May–June 1999.
M. Colajanni, P. S. Yu, and V. Cardelini. Dynamic load balancing on geographically distributed heterogenous web servers. In IEEE 18th Int’l Conference on Distributed Computing Systems, pages 295–302, May 1998.
M. E. Crovella and R. L. Carter. Dynamic server selection in the internet. In Proc. of the 3rd IEEE Workshop on the Architecture and Implementation of High Performance Communication Subsystems (HPCS’ 95), June 1995.
O. P. Damani, P. Y. Chung, and C. Kintala. ONE-IP: Techniques for hosting a service on a cluster of machines. In Proc. of 41st IEEE Computing Society Int’l Conference, pages 85–92, Feb. 1996.
Z. Fei, S. Bhattacharjee, E. W. Zegura, and M. Ammar. A novel server selection technique for improving the response time of a replicated service. In Proc. of IEEE INFOCOMM’ 98 Conf., 1998.
J. Guyton and M. Schwartz. Locating nearby copies of replicated internet servers. In Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM’ 95 Conference, pages 288–298, Oct. 1995.
G. D. H. Hunt, G. S. Goldzsmit, R. P. King, and R. Mukherjee. Network dispatcher: A connection router for scalable internet services. In Proc. of 1th Int’l World Wide Web Conference, Apr. 1998.
T. T. Kwan, R. E. McGrath, and D. A. Reed. NCSA’s world wide web server: Design and performance. IEEE Computer, pages 68–74, Nov. 1995.
NIST. NistNet network emulator. http://snad.ncsl.nist.gov/itg/nistnet/.
M. Sayal, Y. Breitbart, P. Scheuermann, and R. Vingralek. Selection algorithms for replicated web servers. In Proc. of the Workshop on Internet Server Performance, 1998. http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~cao/WISP98/final-versions/mehmet.ps.
C. Yoshilakawa, B. Chun, P. Eastham, A. Vahdat, T. Anderson, and D. Culler. Using smart clients to build scalable services. In Proc. of Usenix Ann. Tech. Conf., Anaheim, CA, Jan. 1997.
E. W. Zegura, M. H. Ammar, Z. Fei, and S. Bhattacharjee. Application-layer any-casting: A server selection architecture and use in a replicated service. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 8(4):455–466, Aug. 2000.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2002 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Sanghi, D., Jalote, P., Agarwal, P. (2002). Using Proximity Information for Load Balancing in Geographically Distributed Web Server Systems. In: Shafazand, H., Tjoa, A.M. (eds) EurAsia-ICT 2002: Information and Communication Technology. EurAsia-ICT 2002. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 2510. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-36087-5_77
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-36087-5_77
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-00028-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-36087-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive