Abstract
Real-time surface rendering of large-scale molecular models such as a colon bacillus requires a great number of polygons to be displayed on a display device. Since a long latency of display and manipulation is fatal in maintaining presence in a virtual environment, high performance computing power and high quality graphical components are required to exercise real-time rendering of such a large-scale molecular model. We propose an algorithm which enables a PC level computer to render and display large-scale molecular models in real-time. The proposed algorithm adaptively visualizes large-scale molecular models. We tested our algorithm with molecular models of which polygons range from 533,774 polygons to 2,656,246 polygons. Our experiments showed that frame rates of displaying and manipulating the models ranged from 17.85 to 55.64 frames-per-second. The frames rates are 4.3 to 6.9 times higher than those of the models which are obtained using a conventional system. Our system enables biologists to display and manipulate large-scale molecular models in real-time which could not be done fast enough to be used in a virtual environment using the conventional systems.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Richards, F.M.: Areas, volumes, packing and protein structures. Annual Review of Biophysics and Bioengineering 6, 151–176 (1977)
Kim, J.-I., Park, S., Lee, J., Choi, Y., Jung, S.: Development of a Gesture-Based Molecular Visualization Tool Based on Virtual Reality for Molecular Docking. Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society 25(10), 1571–1574 (2004)
Park, S., Lee, J., Kim, J.-I.: A Molecular Modeling System Based on Dynamic Gestures. In: Gervasi, O., Gavrilova, M.L., Kumar, V., Laganá, A., Lee, H.P., Mun, Y., Taniar, D., Tan, C.J.K. (eds.) ICCSA 2005. LNCS, vol. 3480, pp. 886–895. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)
Varshney, A., Brooks, F.P., Wright Jr., W.V.: Linearly Scable Computation of Smooth Molecular Surfaces. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 14(5), 19–25 (1994)
Lee, C.H., Varshney, A.: Representing Thermal Vibrations and Uncertainty in Molecular Surfaces. In: SPIE Conference on Visualization and Data Analysis 2002, San Jose, CA (January 2002)
Akenine-Moller, T., Haines, E.: Real-Time rendering, 2nd edn. AK Peters, Stanford
Birmanns, S., Bolyes, M., Zilken, H., Wriggers, W.: Adaptive Visuo-Haptic Rendering for Hybrid Modeling of Macromolecular Assemblies. In: Proceedings Mechatronics and Robotics, vol. 4, pp. 1351–1356 (2004)
Bajaj, C., Djeu, P., Siddavanahalli, V., Thane, A.: Interactive visual exploration of large flexible multi-component molecular complex. In: Proc. of the Annual IEEE Visualization Conference, pp. 243–250 (2004)
Garland, M., Heckbert, P.S.: Surface Simplification using quadric error metrices. In: Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, pp. 209–216. ACM Press/Addision-Wesly Publishing Co. (1997)
Xia, J., Varshney, A.: Dynamic View-Dependent Simplification for Polygonal Models. In: IEEE Visualization 1996, pp. 327–334 (1996)
Luebke, D.P., Hallen, B.: Perceptually Driven Simplification for Interactive Rendering. In: Proceedings of the 12th Eurographics Workshop on Rendering Techniques, pp. 223–234 (2001)
Hoppe, H.: View-Dependent Refinement of Progressive Meshes. In: ACM Siggraph 1997, pp. 189–198 (1997)
Cignoni, P., Ganovelli, F., Gobbetti, E., Marton, F., Ponchio, F., Scopigno, R.: Adaptive TetraPuzzles: Efficient Out-of-Core Construction and Visualization of Gigantic Multiresolution. ACM Transaction on Graphics 23(3), 796–803 (2004)
PDB Bank, http://www.rcsb.org/
Funkhouser, T.A., Séquin, C.H.: Adaptive display algorithm for interactive frame rates during visualization of complex virtual environments. In: Proceedings of the 20th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, pp. 247–254 (1993)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2006 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Lee, J., Park, S., Kim, JI. (2006). Adaptive Real-Time Rendering for Large-Scale Molecular Models. In: Bebis, G., et al. Advances in Visual Computing. ISVC 2006. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 4292. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/11919629_40
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/11919629_40
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-48626-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-48627-5
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)