Skip to main content

Iterative Learning from Positive Data and Negative Counterexamples

  • Conference paper
Book cover Algorithmic Learning Theory (ALT 2006)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNAI,volume 4264))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

A model for learning in the limit is defined where a (so-called iterative) learner gets all positive examples from the target language, tests every new conjecture with a teacher (oracle) if it is a subset of the target language (and if it is not, then it receives a negative counterexample), and uses only limited long-term memory (incorporated in conjectures). Three variants of this model are compared: when a learner receives least negative counterexamples, the ones whose size is bounded by the maximum size of input seen so far, and arbitrary ones. We also compare our learnability model with other relevant models of learnability in the limit, study how our model works for indexed classes of recursive languages, and show that learners in our model can work in non-U-shaped way — never abandoning the first right conjecture.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Angluin, D.: Finding patterns common to a set of strings. Journal of Computer and System Sciences 21, 46–62 (1980)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  2. Angluin, D.: Queries and concept learning. Machine Learning 2, 319–342 (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Blum, L., Blum, M.: Toward a mathematical theory of inductive inference. Information and Control 28, 125–155 (1975)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  4. Baliga, G., Case, J., Jain, S.: Language learning with some negative information. Journal of Computer and System Sciences 51(5), 273–285 (1995)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  5. Baliga, G., Case, J., Merkle, W., Stephan, F., Wiehagen, R.: When unlearning helps (manuscript, 2005), http://www.cis.udel.edu/~case/papers/decisive.ps

  6. Bowerman, M.: Starting to talk worse: Clues to language acquisition from children’s late speech errors. In: Strauss, S., Stavy, R. (eds.) U-Shaped Behavioral Growth. Developmental Psychology Series. Academic Press, New York (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Case, J., Lynes, C.: Machine inductive inference and language identification. In: Nielsen, M., Schmidt, E.M. (eds.) ICALP 1982. LNCS, vol. 140, pp. 107–115. Springer, Heidelberg (1982)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  8. Case, J., Smith, C.: Comparison of identification criteria for machine inductive inference. Theoretical Computer Science 25, 193–220 (1983)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  9. Fulk, M.: Prudence and other conditions on formal language learning. Information and Computation 85, 1–11 (1990)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  10. Gold, E.M.: Language identification in the limit. Information and Control 10, 447–474 (1967)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  11. Jain, S., Kinber, E.: Learning languages from positive data and negative counterexamples. In: Ben-David, S., Case, J., Maruoka, A. (eds.) ALT 2004. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 3244, pp. 54–68. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  12. Jain, S., Kinber, E.: Iterative learning from positive data and negative counterexamples. Technical Report TRA3/06, School of Computing, National University of Singapore (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Jain, S., Kinber, E.: Learning languages from positive data and negative counterexamples. Journal of Computer and System Sciences (to appear, 2006)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Jain, S., Osherson, D., Royer, J., Sharma, A.: Systems that Learn: An Introduction to Learning Theory, 2nd edn. MIT Press, Cambridge (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Lange, S., Zeugmann, T.: Incremental learning from positive data. Journal of Computer and System Sciences 53, 88–103 (1996)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  16. Lange, S., Zilles, S.: Comparison of query learning and gold-style learning in dependence of the hypothesis space. In: Ben-David, S., Case, J., Maruoka, A. (eds.) ALT 2004. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 3244, pp. 99–113. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  17. Motoki, T.: Inductive inference from all positive and some negative data. Information Processing Letters 39(4), 177–182 (1991)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  18. Pinker, S.: Formal models of language learning. Cognition 7, 217–283 (1979)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Popper, K.: The Logic of Scientific Discovery, 2nd edn. Harper Torch Books, New York (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Rogers, H.: Theory of Recursive Functions and Effective Computability. McGraw-Hill, New York (1967); Reprinted by MIT Press in 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Wiehagen, R.: Limes-Erkennung rekursiver Funktionen durch spezielle Strategien. Journal of Information Processing and Cybernetics (EIK) 12, 93–99 (1976)

    MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  22. Zeugmann, T., Lange, S.: A guided tour across the boundaries of learning recursive languages. In: Lange, S., Jantke, K.P. (eds.) GOSLER 1994. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 961, pp. 190–258. Springer, Heidelberg (1995)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2006 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Jain, S., Kinber, E. (2006). Iterative Learning from Positive Data and Negative Counterexamples. In: Balcázar, J.L., Long, P.M., Stephan, F. (eds) Algorithmic Learning Theory. ALT 2006. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 4264. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/11894841_15

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/11894841_15

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-46649-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-46650-5

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics