Abstract
An important characteristic of a virtual human is the ability to direct its perceptual attention to entities and areas in a virtual environment in a manner that appears believable and serves a functional purpose. In this paper, we describe a perceptual attention model that mediates top-down and bottom-up attention processes of virtual humans in order for the virtual human to efficiently select important information with limited sensory capability within complex virtual environments.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Cassell, J., Vilhjalmsson, H.: Fully Conversational Avatars: Making Communicative Behaviors. In: Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, vol. 2, pp. 45–64. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht (1999)
Chopra-Khullar, S., Badler, N.: Where to Look? Automating Attending Behaviors of Visual Human Characters. Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems (2001)
Conde, T., Thalmann, D.: An Artificial Life Environment for Autonomous Virtual Agents with multi-sensorial and multi-perceptive features. Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds 15(3-4) (2004)
Courty, N., Marchand, E., Arnaldi, B.: A New Application for Saliency Maps: Synthetic Vision of Autonomous Actors. In: IEEE Int. Conf. on Image Processing, ICIP 2003, Barcelona, Spain (September 2003)
Gillies, M., Neil, D.: Eye Movements and Attention for Behavioural Animation. The Journal of Visualization and Computer Animation (2002)
Hill, R.: Modeling Attention in Virtual Humans. In: Proceedings of the 8th Conference on Computer Generated Forces and Behavioral Representation, SISO, Orlando, Fla. (1999)
Hill, R.: Perceptual Attention in Virtual Humans: Toward Realistic and Believable Gaze Behaviors. In: Proceedings of the AAAI Fall Symposium on Simulating Human Agents, pp. 46–52. AAAI Press, Menlo Park (2000)
Hill, R., Gratch, J., Marsella, S., Rickel, J., Swartout, W., Traum, D.: Virtual Humans in the Mission Rehearsal Exercise System. Künstliche Intelligenz (KI Journal). Special issue on Embodied Conversational Agents (2003)
Itti, L., Koch, C.: Computational Modeling of Visual Attention. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 2(3), 194–203 (2001)
Noser, H., Thalmann, D.: Synthetic vision and audition for digital actors. In: Proceedings of Eurographics 1995 (1995)
Nothegger, C., Winter, S., Raubal, M.: Selection of Salient Features for Route Directions. Spatial Cognition and Computation 4(2), 113–136 (2004)
Klein, R.: Inhibition of return. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 4, 138–147 (2000)
Rickel, J., Johnson, L.: Animated Agents for Procedural Training in Virtual Reality: Perception, Cognition, and Motor Control. Applied Artificial Intelligence (1999)
Samet, H.: The Quadtree and Related Hierarchical Data Structures. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR) 16(2), 187–260 (1984)
Traum, D., Rickel, J.: Embodied Agents for Multi-party Dialogue in Immersive Virtual Worlds. In: AAMAS 2002, Bologna, Italy, July 15-19 (2002)
Young, R.M., Riedl, M.: Towards an Architecture for Intelligent Control of Narrative in Interactive Virtual Worlds. In: The Proceedings of the International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (January 2003)
Zhang, H., Wyvill, B.: Behavioural Simulation in Voxel Space. Computer Animation 1997, Geneva, SWITZERLAND, June 4 - 7 (1997)
Platt, M.L., Glimcher, P.W.: Neural Correlates of Decision Variables in Parietal Cortex. Nature 400, 233–238 (1999)
Glimcher, P.W.: The Neurobiology of Visual-saccadic Decision Making. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 26, 133–179 (2003)
Dorris, M.C., Glimcher, P.W.: Activity in Posterior Parietal Cortex is correlated with the Subjective Desireability of an Action. Neuron 44, 365–378 (2004)
Rizzo, A.A., Buckwalter, J.G., Bowerly, T., van der Zaag, C., Humphrey, L., Neumann, U., Chua, C., van Rooyen, A., Sisemore, D.: The virtual classroom: A virtual environment for the assessment and rehabilitation of attention deficits. Cyberpsychol. Behav. 3, 483–500 (2000)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2005 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Kim, Y., van Velsen, M., Hill, R.W. (2005). Modeling Dynamic Perceptual Attention in Complex Virtual Environments. In: Panayiotopoulos, T., Gratch, J., Aylett, R., Ballin, D., Olivier, P., Rist, T. (eds) Intelligent Virtual Agents. IVA 2005. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 3661. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/11550617_23
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/11550617_23
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-28738-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-28739-1
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)