Skip to main content

The Innate Functions of Dendritic Cells in Peripheral Lymphoid Tissues

  • Conference paper

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 560))

Abstract

The term “innate” has several functional connotations for dendritic cell (DC) biology (Table 1). DCs can mediate innate immunity directly; they also link innate and adaptive arms of the immune system during immune responses and in maintaining tolerance.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

6. References

  1. A. L. Neild, and C. R. Roy, Legionella reveal dendritic cell functions that facilitate selection of antigens for MHC class II presentation, Immunity. 18, 813–823 (2003).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. F. P. Siegal, N. Kadowaki, M. Shodell, P. A. Fitzgerald-Bocarsly, K. Shah, S. Ho, S. Antonenko, and Y. J. Liu, The nature of the principal type 1 interferon-producing cells in human blood, Science, 284, 1835–1837 (1999).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. C. B. Lopez, A. Garcia-Sastre, B. R. G. Williams, and T. M. Moran, Type 1 interferon induction pathway, but not released interferon, participates in the maturation of dendritic cells induced by negative-strand RNA viruses, J. Infect. Dis. 187, 1126–1136 (2003).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. N. Kadowaki, S. Antonenko, and Y. J. Liu, Distinct CpG DNA and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid double-stranded RNA, respectively, stimulate CD11c-type 2 dendritic cell precursors and CD11c+ dendritic cells to produce type I IFN, J. Immunol. 166, 2291–2295 (2001).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. L. Alexopoulou, A. C. Holt, R. Medzhitov, and R. A. Flavell, Recognition of double-stranded RNA and activation of NF-kB by Toll-like receptor 3, Nature. 413, 732–738 (2001).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. S. S. Diebold, M. Montoya, H. Unger, L. Alexopoulou, P. Roy, L. E. Haswell, A. Al-Shamkhani, R. Flavell, P. Borrow, and C. Reis e Sousa, Viral infection switches non-plasmacytoid dendritic cells into high interferon producers, Nature. 424, 324–328 (2003).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. S. Fujii, K. Shimizu, C. Smith, L. Bonifaz, and R. M. Steinman, Activation of natural killer T cells by a-galactosylceramide rapidly induces the full maturation of dendritic cells in vivo and thereby acts as an adjuvant for combined CD4 and CD8 T cell immunity to a co-administered protein, J. Exp. Med. 198, 267–279 (2003).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. N. C. Fernandez, A. Lozier, C. Flament, P. Rieciardi-Castagnoli, D. Bellet, M. Suter, M. Perricaudet, T. Tursz, E. Maraskovsky, and L. Zitvogel, Dendritic cells directly trigger NK cell functions: cross-talk relevant in innate anti-tumor immune responses in vivo, Nat. Med. 5, 405–411 (1999).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. M. L. Kapsenberg, Dendritic-cell control of pathogen-driven T-cell polarization, Nat. Rev. Immunol. 3, 984–993 (2003).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. B. Pulendran, K. Palucka, and J. Banchereau, Sensing pathogens and tuning immune responses, Science. 293, 253–256 (2001).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. D. Hawiger, K. Inaba, Y. Dorsett, K. Guo, K. Mahnke, M. Rivera, J. V. Ravetch, R. M. Steinman, and M. C. Nussenzweig, Dendritic cells induce peripheral T cell unresponsiveness under steady state conditions in vivo, J. Exp. Med. 194, 769–780 (2001).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. L. Bonifaz, D. Bonnyay, K. Mahnke, M. Rivera, M. C. Nussenzweig, and R. M. Steinman, Efficient targeting of protein antigen to the dendritic cell receptor DEC-205 in the steady state leads to antigen presentation on major histocompatibility complex class 1 products and peripheral CD8+ T cell tolerance, J. Exp. Med. 196, 1627–1638 (2002).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. D. Hawiger, R. F. Masilamani, E. Bettelli, V. K. Kuchroo, and M. C. Nussenzweig, Dynamic regulation of T cell tolerance induced by dendritic cells in vivo, Submitted. (2004).

    Google Scholar 

  14. O. Akbari, R. H. DeKruyff, and D. T. Umetsn, Pulmonary dendritic cells producing IL-10 mediate tolerance induced by respiratory exposure to antigen, Nat. Immunol. 2, 725–731 (2001).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. A. Wakkach, N. Fournier, V. Brun, J. P. Brcittmayer, F. Cottrez, and H. Groux, Characterization of dendritic cells that induce tolerance and T regulatory 1 cell differentiation in vivo, Immunity. 18, 605–617 (2003).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. S. Yamazaki, T. Iyoda, K. Tarbell, K. Olson, K. Velinzon, K. Inaba, and R. M. Steinman, Direct expansion of functional CD25+ CD4+ regulatory T cells by antigen processing dendritic cells, J. Exp. Med. 198, 235–247 (2003).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. M. D. Witmer, and R. M. Steinman, The anatomy of peripheral lymphoid organs with emphasis on accessory cells: light microscopic, immunocytochemical studies of mouse spleen, lymph node and Peyer’s patch., Am. J. Anat. 170, 465–481 (1984).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. G. Kraal, M. Breel, M. Janse, and G. Bruin, Langerhans cells, veiled cells, and interdigitating cells in the mouse recognized by a monoclonal antibody, J. Exp. Med. 163, 981–997 (1986).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. E. Ingulli, A. Mondino, A. Khoruts, and M. K. Jenkins, In vivo detection of dendritic cell antigen presentation to CD4+ T cells, J. Exp. Med. 185, 2133–2141 (1997).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. P. Bousso, and E. Robey, Dynamics of CD8+ T cell priming by dendritic cells in intact lymph nodes, Nat. Immunol. 4, 579–585 (2003).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. T. R. Mempel, S. E. Henrickson, and U. H. Von Andrian, T-cell priming by dendritic cells in lymph nodes occurs in three distinct phases, Nature. 427, 154–159 (2004).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. T. Brocker, Survival of mature CD4 T lymphocytes is dependent on major histocompatibility complex class II-expressing dendritic cells, J. Exp. Med. 186, 1223–1232 (1997).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. M. O’Keeffe, H. Hochrein, D. Vremec, I. Caminschi, J. L. Miller, E. M. Anders, L. Wu, M. H. Lahoud, S. Henri, B. Scott, P. Hertzog, L. Tatarczuch, and K. Shortman, Mouse plasmacytoid cells: long-lived cells, heterogeneous in surface phenotype and function, that differentiate into CD8+ dendritic cells only after microbial stimulus, J. Exp. Med. 196, 1307–1319 (2002).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. S. Henri, D. Vremec, A. Kamath, J. Waithman, S. Williams, C. Benoist, K. Burnham, S. Saeland, E. Handman, and K. Shortman, The dendritic cell populations of mouse lymph nodes, J. Immunol. 167, 741–748 (2001).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. C. Robert, R. C. Fuhlbrigge, J. D. Kieffer, S. Ayehunie, R. O. Hynes, G. Cheng, S. Grabbe, U. H. von Andrian, and T. S. Kupper, Interaction of dendritic cells with skin endothelium: a new perspective on immunosurveillance, J. Exp. Med. 189, 627–636 (1999).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. F. Geissmann, S. Jung, and D. R. Littman, Blood monocytes consist of two principal subsets with distinct migratory properties, Immunity. 19, 71–82 (2003).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. G. J. Randolph, G. Sanchez-Schmitz, R. M. Liebman, and K. Schakel, The CD16+ (FcgRIII+) subset of human monocytes preferentially becomes migratory dendritic cells in a model tissue setting, J. Exp. Med. 196, 517–527 (2002).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. G. Rotta, E. W. Edwards, S. Sangaletti, C. Bennett, S. Ronzoni, M. P. Colombo, R. M. Steinman, G. J. Randolph, and M. Rescigno, Lipopolysaccharide or whole bacteria block the conversion of inflammatory monocytes into dendritic cells in vivo, J. Exp. Med. 198, 1253–1263 (2003).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. G. Schuler, and R. M. Steinman, Murinc epidermal Langerhans cells mature into potent immunostimulatory dendritic cells in vitro, J. Exp. Med. 161, 526–546 (1985).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. N. Romani, S. Koide, M. Crowley, M. Witmer-Pack, A. M. Livingstone, C. G. Fathman, K. Inaba, and R. M. Steinman, Presentation of exogenous protein antigens by dendritic cells to T cell clones: intact protein is presented best by immature, epidermal Langerhans cells, J. Exp. Med. 169, 1169–1178 (1989).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. K. Inaba, G. Schuler, M. D. Witmer, J. Valinsky, B. Atassi, and R. M. Steinman, The immunologic properties of purified Langerhans cells: distinct requirements for the stimulation of unprimed and sensitized T lymphocytes, J. Exp. Med. 164, 605–613 (1986).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. K. Inaba, N. Romani, and R. M. Steinman, An antigen-independent contact mechanism as an early step in T-cell-proliferative responses to dendritic cells, J. Exp. Med. 170, 527–542 (1989).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. C. P. Larsen, R. M. Steinman, M. Witmer-Pack, D. F. Hankins, P. J. Morris, and J. M. Austyn, Migration and maturation of Langerhans cells in skin transplants and explants, J. Exp. Med. 172, 1483–1493 (1990).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. M. Pope, M. G. H. Betjes, N. Romani, H. Hirmand, P. U. Cameron, L. Hoffman, S. Gezelter, G. Schuler, and R. M. Steinman, Conjugates of dendritic cells and memory T lymphocytes from skin facilitate productive infection with HIV-1, Cell. 78, 389–398 (1994).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. E. Pure, K. Inaba, M. T. Crowley, L. Tardelli, M. D. Witmer-Pack, G. Ruberti, G. Fathman, and R. M. Steinman, Antigen processing by epidermal Langerhans cells correlates with the level of biosynthesis of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules and expression of invariant chain, J. Exp. Med. 172, 1459–1469 (1990).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. K. Inaba, J. P. Metaly, M. T. Crowley, and R. M. Steinman, Dendritic cells pulsed with protein antigens in vitro can prime antigen-specific, MHC-restricted T cells in situ, J. Exp. Med. 172, 631–640 (1990).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. K. Inaba, S. Turley, T. Iyoda, F. Yamaide, S. Shimoyama, C. Reis e Sousa, R. N. Germain, I. Mellman, and R. M. Steinman, The formation of immunogenic MHC class II-peptide ligands in lysosomal compartments of dendritic cells is regulated by inflammatory stimuli., J. Exp. Med. 191, 927–936 (2000).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. S. J. Turley, K. Inaba, W. S. Garrett, M. Ebersold, J. Untermaehrer, R. M. Steinman, and I. Mellman, Transport of peptide-MHC class II complexes in developing dendritic cells, Science. 288, 522–527 (2000).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. M. Cella, A. Engering, V. Pinet, J. Pieters, and A. Lanzavecchia, Inflammatory stimuli induce accumulation of MHC class II complexes on dendritic cells, Nature. 388, 782–787 (1997).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. W. S. Garrett, L. M. Chen, R. Kroschewski, M. Ebersold, S. Turley, S. Trombetta, J. E. Galan, and I. Mellman, Developmental control of endocytosis in dendritic cells by Cdc42, Cell. 102, 325–334 (2000).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. P. Pierre, S. J. Turley, E. Gatti, M. Hull, J. Meltzer, A. Mirza, K. Inaba, R. M. Steinman, and I. Mellman, Developmental regulation of MHC class II transport in mouse dendritic cells, Nature. 388, 787–792 (1997).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. E. S. Trombetta, M. Ebersold, W. Garrett, M. Pypaert, and I. Mellman, Activation of lysosomal function during dendritic cell maturation, Science. 299, 1400–1403 (2003).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. K. Inaba, M. Pack, M. Inaba, H. Sakuta, F. Isdell, and R. M. Steinman, High levels of a major histocompatibility complex II — self peptide complex on dendritic cells from lymph node, J. Exp. Med. 186, 665–672 (1997).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. K. Liu, T. Iyoda, M. Saternus, K. Kimura, K. Inaba, and R. M. Steinman, Immune tolerance after delivery of dying cells to dendritic cells in situ., J. Exp. Med. 196, 1091–1097 (2002).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. M. K. Brimnes, L. Bonifaz, R. M. Steinman, and T. M. Moran, Influenza virus-induced dendritic cell maturation is associated with the induction of strong T cell immunity to a coadministered, normally nonimmunogenic protein, J. Exp. Med. 198, 133–144 (2003).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. L. C. Bonifaz, D. P. Bonnyay, A. Charalambous, D. I. Darguste, S. Fujii, H. Soares, M. K. Brimnes, B. Moltedo, T. M. Moran, and R. M. Steinman, In vivo targeting of antigens to the DEC-205 receptor on maturing dendritic cells improves T cell vaccination, J. Exp. Med. 199, 815–824 (2004).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. S. Fujii, K. Liu, C. Smith, A. J. Bonito, and R. M. Steinman, The linkage of innate to adaptive immunity via maturing dendritic cells in vivo requires CD40 ligation in addition to antigen presentation and CD80/86 costimulation., Submitted. (2004).

    Google Scholar 

  48. J. den Haan, S. Lehar, and M. Bevan, CD8+ but not CD8+ dendritic cells cross-prime cytotoxic T cells in vivo, J. Exp. Med. 192, 1685–1696 (2000).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. S. Jung, D. Unutmaz, P. Wong, G.-I. Sano, K. De los Santos, T. Sparwasser, S. Wu, S. Vuthoori, K. Ko, F. Zavala, E. G. Pamer, D. R. Littman, and R. A. Lang, In vivo depletion of CD11c+ dendritic cells abrogation priming of CD8+ T cells by exogenous cell-associated antigens., Immunity. 17, 211–220 (2002).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. W. R. Heath, and F. R. Carbone, Cross-presentation in viral immunity and self tolerance, Nat. Rev. Immunol. 1, 126–134 (2001).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. S. Amigorena, Fcg receptors and cross-presentation in dendritic cells, J. Exp. Med. 195, F1–3 (2002).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. A. Regnault, D. Lankar, V. Lacabanne, A. Rodriguez, C. Thery, M. Rescigno, T. Saito, S. Verbeek, C. Bonnerot, P. Ricciardi-Castagnoli, and S. Amigorena, Fcg receptor-mediated induction of dendritic cell maturation and major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted antigen presentation after immune complex internalization, J. Exp. Med. 189, 371–380 (1999).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. T. Iyoda, S. Shimoyama, K. Liu, Y. Omatsu, Y. Maeda, K. Takahara, Y. Akiyama, R. M. Steinman, and K. Inaba, The CD8+ dendritic cell subset selectively endocytoses dying cells in culture and in vivo, J. Exp. Med. 195, 1289–1302 (2002).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. P. Guermonprez, L. Saveanu, M. Kleijmeer, J. Davoust, P. Van Endert, and S. Amigorena, ER-phagosome fusion defines an MHC class I cross-presentation compartment in dendritic cells, Nature. 425, 397–402 (2003).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. M. Houde, S. Bertholet, E. Gagnon, S. Brunet, G. Goyette, A. Laplante, M. F. Princiotta, P. Thibault, D. Sacks, and M. Desjardins, Phagosomes are competent organelles for antigen cross-presentation, Nature. 425, 402–406 (2003).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. W. J. Swiggard, A. Mirza, M. C. Nussenzweig, and R. M. Steinman, DEC-205, a 205 kDa protein abundant on mouse dendritic cells and thymic epithelium that is detected by the monoclonal antibody NLDC-145: Purification, characterization and N-terminal amino acid sequence, Cell. Immunol. 165, 302–311 (1995).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. W. Jiang, W. J. Swiggard, C. Heufler, M. Peng, A. Mirza, R. M. Steinman, and M. C. Nussenzweig, The receptor DEC-205 expressed by dendritic cells and thymic epithelial cells is involved in antigen processing, Nature. 375, 151–155 (1995).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. K. Mahnke, M. Guo, S. Lee, H. Sepulveda, S. L. Swain, M. Nussenzweig, and R. M. Steinman, The dendritic cell receptor for endocytosis, DEC-205, can recycle and enhance antigen presentation via major histocompatibility complex class II-positive lysosomal compartments, J. Cell Biol. 151, 673–683 (2000).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. S. A. Linehan, L. Martinez-Pomares, P. D. Stahl, and S. Gordon, Mannose receptor and its putative ligands in normal murine lymphoid and nonlymphoid organs: in situ expression of mannose receptor by selected macrophages, endothelial cells, perivascular microglia, and mesangial cells, but not dendritic cells, J. Exp. Med. 189, 1961–1972 (1999).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. M. Guo, S. Gong, S. Maric, Z. Misulovin, M. Pack, K. Mahnke, M. Nussenzweig, and R. M. Steinman, A monoclonal antibody to the DEC-205 endocytosis receptor on human dendritic cells, Hum. Immunol. 61, 729–738 (2000).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. M. W. Moore, F. R. Carbone, M. J. Bevan, Introduction of soluble protein into the class I pathway of antigen processing and presentation, Cell. 54, 777–785 (1988).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. C. W. Pugh, G. G. MacPherson, and H. W. Steer, Characterization of nonlymphoid cells derived from rat peripheral lymph, J. Exp. Med. 157, 1758–1779 (1983).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. F.-P. Huang, N. Platt, M. Wykes, J. R. Major, T. J. Powell, C. D. Jenkins, and G. G. MacPherson, A discrete subpopulation of dendritic cells transports apoptotic intestinal epithelial cells to T cell areas of mesenteric Iymph nodes, J. Exp. Med. 191, 435–442 (2000).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. C. Scheinecker, R. McHugh, E. M. Shevach, and R. N. Germain, Constitutive presentation of a natural tissue autoantigen exclusively by dendritic cells in the draining lymph node, J. Exp. Med. 196, 1079–1090 (2002).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. G. T. Belz, G. M. N. Behrens, C. M. Smith, J. F. A. P. Miller, C. Jones, K. Lejon, C. G. Fathman, S. N. Mueller, K. Shortman, F. R. Carbone, and W. R. Heath, The CD8a+ dendritic cell is responsible for inducing peripheral self-tolerance to tissue-associated antigens, J. Exp. Med. 196, 1099–1104 (2002).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. S. Turley, L. Poirot, M. Haltori, C. Benoist, and D. Mathis, Physiological b cell death triggers priming of self-reactive T cells by dendritic cells in a type-1 diabetes model, J. Exp. Med. 198, 1527–1537 (2003).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. K. Y. Vermaelen, I. Carro-Muino, B. N. Lambrecht, and R. A. Pauwels, Specific migratory dendritic cells rapidly transport antigen from the airways to the thoracic lymph nodes, J. Exp. Med. 193, 51–60 (2001).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. J. Cui, T. Shin, T. Kawano, H. Sato, E. Kondo, I. Toura, Y. Kaneko, H. Koseki, M. Kanno, and M. Taniguchi, Requirement for Va 14 NKT cells in IL-12-mediated rejection of tumors, Science. 278, 1623–1626 (1997).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. T. Kawano, J. Cui, Y. Koezuka, I. Toura, Y. Kaneko, K. Motoki, H. Ueno, R. Nakagawa, H. Sato, E. Kondo, H. Koseki, and M. Taniguchi, CD1d-restricted and TCR-mediated activation of Va14 NKT cells by glycosylceramides, Science. 278, 1626–1629 (1997).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. G. Gonzalez-Aseguinolaza, L. Van Kaer, C. C. Bergmann, J. M. Wilson, J. Schmieg, M. Kronenberg, T. Nakayama, M. Taniguchi, Y. Koezuka, and M. Tsuji, Natural killer T cell ligand a-galactosylceramide enhances protective immunity induced by malaria vaccines, J. Exp. Med. 195, 617–624 (2002).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. C. Caux, C. Massacrier, B. Vanbervliet, B. Dubois, C. Van Kooten, I. Durand, and J. Banchereau, Activiation of human dendritie cells through CD40 cross-linking, J. Exp. Med. 180, 1263–1272 (1994).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. L. Flores-Romo, P. Bjorck, V. Duvert, C. Van Kooten, S. Saeland, and J. Banchereau, CD40 ligation on human CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors induces their proliferation and differentiation into functional dendritic cells, J. Exp. Med. 185, 341–349 (1997).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. J. P. Ridge, F. Di Rosa, and P. Matzinger, A conditioned dendritic cell can be a temporal bridge between a CD4+ T helper and a T-killer cell, Nature, 393, 474–478 (1998).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. S. R. M. Bennett, F. R. Carbone, F. Karamalis, R. A. Flavell, J. F. A. P. Miller, and W. R. Heath, Help for cytotoxic-T-cell responses is mediated by CD40 signalling, Nature, 393, 478–480 (1998).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. S. P. Schoenberger, R. E. M. Toes, E. I. H. van der Voort, R. Offringa, and C. J. M. Melief, T-cell help for cytotoxic T lymphocytes is mediated by CD40-CD40L interactions, Nature, 393, 480–483 (1998).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. R. M. Steinman, S. Turley, I. Mellman, and K. Inaba, The induction of tolerance by dendritic cells that have captured apoptotic cells, J. Exp. Med. 191, 411–416 (2000).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. R. M. Steinman, and M. C. Nussenzweig, Avoiding horror autotoxicus: the importance of dendritic cells in peripheral T cell tolerance, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 99, 351–358 (2002).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. G. Jego, A. K. Palucka, J. P. Blanck, C. Chalouni, V. Pascual, and J. Banchereau, Plasmacytoid dendritie cells induce plasma cell differentiation through type I interferon and interleukin 6, Immunity. 19, 225–234 (2003).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. M. Balazs, F. Martin, T. Zhou, and J. F. Kearney, Blood dendritic cells interact with splenic marginal zone B cells to initiate T-independent immune responses, Immunity. 17, 341–352 (2002).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. H. C. Probst, J. Lagnel, G. Kollias, and M. van den Broek, Inducible transgenic mice reveal resting dendritic cells as potent inducers of CD8+ T cell tolerance, Immunity. 18, 713–720 (2003).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2005 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc.

About this paper

Cite this paper

Steinman, R.M. et al. (2005). The Innate Functions of Dendritic Cells in Peripheral Lymphoid Tissues. In: Gupta, S., Paul, W.E., Steinman, R. (eds) Mechanisms of Lymphocyte Activation and Immune Regulation X. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 560. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-24180-9_12

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics