Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies against Climate Change in Natural Systems

This book addresses strategies for mitigating and adapting to climate change in natural systems. According to the IPCC (2021) report, human-induced climate change has widespread global effects, significantly impacting natural ecosystems. Extreme weather events linked to climate change harm terrestrial, freshwater, ocean, and coastal ecosystems, reduce food security, displace populations, damage livelihoods, health, and security, and exacerbate inequality. While the impacts of climate change are vast and varied, making it impossible to cover every sector, the authors have aimed to address key areas and offer strategies for combating climate change through mitigation and adaptation. The book is structured into five sections:

• Land (agriculture, horticulture, soil, forest)

• Water (rivers, lakes)

• Atmosphere (hydrology, climate)

• Technologies/Approaches (remote sensing, GIS, AI tools, ChatGPT)

• Case Studies (crops, forests, soil glomalin application, eco-friendly fertilizers), with a focus on modelling approaches to assess these strategies.

Additionally, the authors reviewed related works on climate change mitigation and adaptation, identifying a gap in using newer technologies and approaches. The book also covers topics such as water quality and the analysis of several greenhouse gases such ad NO2, O3, CO2 and CH4 in the environment. This book will be beneficial for students, educators, professionals, researchers, policymakers, and farmers. It provides content ranging from introductory to advanced levels, making it accessible to those working in environmental science.

Dr. Rajiv Srivastava is currently a researcher at Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA. He previously served as a post-doctoral researcher at the Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation at the University of Hohenheim, Germany. Dr. Srivastava holds a B.Tech. and M.Tech. in Agricultural Engineering, as well as a Ph.D. in Land and Water Resources Engineering from the Agricultural and Food Engineering Department at IIT Kharagpur, India. His research focuses on irrigation and drainage, integrated soil-crop-water management, surface water hydrology, climate change impact assessment, and the application of machine learning in these fields. He has authored more than 24 research papers in peer-reviewed journals, covering topics such as vadose zone hydrology, surface water hydrology, water and nitrogen transport, climate change effects, and crop modeling. In addition, he has contributed to 5 book chapters, edited 2 reference books, and has served as a co-guest editor for special issues in several academic journals.

Prof. Chakraborty is a renowned ocean modeler with extensive expertise in the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) and the coupled ROMS-WRF model (CROCO). During his Ph.D. at IIT Delhi, he developed a stretched-coordinate ocean general circulation model (IITD-OGCM). His postdoctoral work includes projects at institutions in the USA and Japan, where he contributed to the development of the Florida State University Coupled Global and Regional Spectral Model and the coupled model (MOM+FrAM) at the University of Tokyo (UTCM), respectively.