DNA Vaccines

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xix

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2. Purification of Supercoiled Plasmid

   • Anthony P. Green

   Pages 1-9

3. Production of Plasmid DNA in Industrial Quantities According to cGMP Guidelines

   • Joachim Schorr, Peter Moritz, Martin Schleef

   Pages 11-21

4. Development and Characterization of Lyophilized DNA Vaccine Formulations

   • Nancy L. Shen, Jukka Hartikka, Nancy A. Horn, Marston Manthorpe, Magda Marquet

   Pages 23-34

5. Repeated Use of Qiagen Columns in Large-Scale Preparation of Plasmid DNA

   • Derek Gregory, Ricardo E. Tascon, Douglas B. Lowrie

   Pages 35-36

6. The Immunology of DNA Vaccines

   • Thomas Tüting, Jonathan Austyn, Walter J. Storkus, Louis D. Falo Jr.

   Pages 37-64

7. Methodology Used in DNA-Based Prophylactic and Therapeutic Immunization Against Hepatitis B Virus in Chimpanzees

   • Alfred M. Prince, Betsy Brotman

   Pages 65-70

8. Intramuscular and Intradermal Injection of DNA Vaccines in Mice and Primates

   • Heather L. Davis

   Pages 71-77

9. Veterinary DNA Vaccines

   • Sylvia van Drunen Littel-van den Hurk, Ralph P. Braun, Lorne A. Babiuk

   Pages 79-94

10. DNA-Based Immunization of Neonatal Mice

    • Cynthia L. Brazolot Millan, Heather L. Davis

    Pages 95-98

11. Intramuscular Injection of DNA Vaccines in Fish

    • Joël Heppell, Heather L. Davis

    Pages 99-103

12. Development of DNA Vaccines for Salmonid Fish

    • Eric D. Anderson, Jo-Ann C. Leong

    Pages 105-121

13. CTL Analysis for Tumor Vaccines

    • Antonio Rosato, Gabriella Milan, Annalisa Zambon, Paola Zanovello, Dino Collavo

    Pages 123-132

14. The Use of Bone Marrow-Chimeric Mice in Determining the MHC Restriction of Epitope-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes

    • Akiko Iwasaki, Brian H. Barber

    Pages 133-144

15. Immunostimulatory DNA Sequences

    • John H. Van Uden, Eyal Raz

    Pages 145-168

16. Immunostimulatory CpG Motifs and DNA Vaccines

    • Risini Weeratna, Arthur M. Krieg, Heather L. Davis

    Pages 169-172

17. In Vitro Assay of Immunostimulatory Activities of Plasmid Vectors

    • Charles F. Reich, David S. Pisetsky

    Pages 173-184

18. Adjuvants for Plasmid DNA Vaccines

    • Jon Norman, Jukka Hartikka, Pamela Strauch, Marston Manthorpe

    Pages 185-196

19. Cytokine and Costimulatory Factor-Encoding Plasmids as Adjuvants for DNA Vaccination

    • Kenji Okuda, Susumu Kawamoto, Jun Fukushima

    Pages 197-204

20. Optimization of DNA Vaccines Through the Use of Molecular Adjuvants

    • Jong J. Kim, David B. Weiner

    Pages 205-220

The field of DNA vaccines has undergone explosive growth in the last few years. As usual, some historical precursors of this approach can be d- cerned in the scientific literature of the last decades. However, the present state of affairs appears to date from observations made discreetly in 1988 by Wolff, Malone, Felgner, and colleagues, which were described in a 1989 patent and published in 1990. Quite surprisingly, they showed that genes carried by pure plasmid DNA and injected in a saline solution, hence the epithet “naked DNA,” could be taken up and expressed by skeletal muscle cells with a low but reproducible frequency. Such a simple methodology was sure to spawn many applications. In a separate and important line of experimentation, Tang, De Vit, and Johnston announced in 1992 that it was indeed possible to obtain humoral immune responses against proteins encoded by DNA delivered to the skin by a biolistic device, which has colloquially become known as the “gene gun. ” The year 1993 saw the publication of further improvements in the me- ods of naked DNA delivery and, above all, the first demonstrations by several groups of the induction of humoral and cytotoxic immune responses to viral antigens expressed from injected plasmid DNA. In some cases, protection against challenge with the pathogen was obtained. The latter result was - questionably the touchstone of a method of vaccination worthy of the name.

"...does an excellent job of describing the current methodologies in their development, what clinical benefit can be expected, and what is known of their mode of action...has thoroughly covered the current state of the art." -Antiviral Research

"The present book contains 41 chapters by experts in the field not only describing the state-of-the-art thinking on each topic, but, more importantly, providing a step-by-step recipe for constructing the cost effective plasmids and measuring host immune responses, both humoral and cellular, as well as all the stops in between including delivery, etc....an excellent roadmap as to how to proceed...This comprehensive collection of chapters is the first of its kind in the rapidly moving field to provide an excellent update of all of the recent advances and, more importantly, the actual technical approaches to developing vaccines. This is a book that should be in everyone's library who is interested in pursing studies employing DNA immunization and for graduate students interested in an up-to-date understanding of DNA vaccination." -FEBS Letters

"Its 41 chapters provide a valuable introduction, a series of working protocols, and a set of heavily referenced reviews of state-of-the-art methods in the production, use, and analysis of DNA vaccines. The various chapters are especially fruitful in their presentation of detailed techniques for making buffers and complex biological reagents." -Modern Drug Discovery

"Tecular Biology series, consists of 41 well written and referenced chapters dealing with certain aspects of DNA vaccination. The subjects addressed range from large scale plasmid isolation to DNA vaccination and autoimmunity, and illuminate the explosive growth this field has undergone in recent years. A substantial amount of the text concentrates on the practical aspects of processing DNA, quality control and immunological responses....In short, this book is a valuable addition to the library of all people actively involved in the field of DNA vaccination. Researchers will find the detailed protocols and innumerable reference valuable. I would recommend this book to any researcher in this field, if only to finally have a book with well organized and referenced protocols instead of a pile of coffee stained photocopies." -Today's Life Science

"The scope of the text is wide and covers virtually all aspects of the subject from the initial plasmid preparation and industrial scale up to the regulatory issues that will probably need to be addressed if such vaccines reach licensing stage." - The Journal of Medical Microbiology

"Work on the development of DNA vaccines continues aspace for a huge range of potential applications and this book will be invaluable for any laboratory involved in research in this field." -Microbiology Today

• Mycobacterial Research Laboratory, London, UK

  Douglas B. Lowrie

• Maxygen Inc., Redwood City

  Robert G. Whalen

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